Table 3 Participant characteristics associated with consistent condom use with anal sex

 16–19 years

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 20–24 years

0.71 (0.50–0.99) **

0.55 (0.38–0.81) **

0.94 (0.71–1.24)

0.76 (0.56–1.03)

0.89 (0.70–1.15)

0.75 (0.57–0.99) **

 25–29 years

0.61 (0.43–0.88) **

0.41 (0.28–0.62) ***

0.88 (0.65–1.18)

0.57 (0.41–0.80) **

0.79 (0.60–1.03) *

0.58 (0.43–0.78) **

 30–34 years

0.72 (0.47–1.11)

0.51 (0.31–0.83) **

0.91 (0.60–1.37)

0.61 (0.38–0.97) **

0.86 (0.61–1.22)

0.64 (0.43–0.95) **

 35 and older

0.71 (0.42–1.19)

0.52 (0.28–0.97) **

0.92 (0.51–1.62)

0.62 (0.31–1.24)

0.92 (0.59–1.43)

0.72 (0.43–1.21)

 None/primary education only

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Junior secondary only

0.87 (0.44–1.71)

0.76 (0.36–1.60)

1.15 (0.61–2.12)

1.03 (0.52–2.05)

1.32 (0.75–2.33)

1.25 (0.68–2.28)

 Senior secondary

1.98 (1.20–3.27) **

1.50 (0.84–2.58)

1.48 (0.90–2.44)

1.13 (0.64–1.98)

1.82 (1.17–2.82) **

1.42 (0.87–2.31)

 Higher than secondary

2.02 (1.22–3.34) **

1.78 (1.01–3.14) **

1.94 (1.16–3.23) **

1.66 (0.94–2.94)

2.05 (1.31–3.21) **

1.80 (1.10–2.94) **

 Refusal/Don’t know

1.42 (0.36–5.51)

1.76 (0.37–8.4)

1.24 (0.27–5.69)

1.42 (0.26–7.74)

1.24 (0.33–4.60)

1.47 (0.35–6.15)

 Gay or homosexual

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Bisexual

1.17 (0.93–1.48)

1.04 (0.85–1.27)

1.09 (0.91–1.30)

 Other

–

1.94 (0.19–19.7)

1.98 (0.20–20.0)

 Refusal/Don’t know

4.02 (0.64–25.5)

1.38 (0.09–22.2)

2.95 (0.42–20.8)

 Male

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Female

1.45 (0.97–2.17) *

1.52 (0.97–2.36)

1.15 (0.87–1.52)

1.21 (0.90–1.63)

1.19 (0.92–1.55)

1.21 (0.91–1.60)

 Both/other

0.82 (0.57–1.17)

0.81 (0.56–1.18)

0.68 (0.49–0.96) **

0.69 (0.48–0.98) **

0.76 (0.56–1.03) *

0.77 (0.56–1.06)

 Refusal/Don’t know

0.82 (0.14–4.71)

0.72 (0.09–5.47)

0.30 (0.03–2.70)

0.25 (0.03–2.20)

0.47 (0.09–2.50)

0.43 (0.07–2.59)

 Single/Never Married

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Married/Cohabitating with a woman

0.99 (0.64–1.52)

1.39 (0.84–2.32)

1.05 (0.66–1.68)

1.28 (0.75–2.17)

0.99 (0.66–1.47)

1.27 (0.81–2.00)

 Cohabitating with a man

1.31 (0.63–2.74)

0.78 (0.35–1.73)

0.89 (0.45–1.76)

0.62 (0.32–1.23)

1.05 (0.58–1.89)

0.72 (0.39–1.33)

 Divorced/Separated/Widowed

0.70 (0.36–1.37)

0.67 (0.31–1.41)

1.11 (0.62–1.96)

1.10 (0.58–2.07)

0.92 (0.54–1.56)

0.86 (0.49–1.52)

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.65 (1.33–2.05) ^***

1.31 (1.03–1.66) **

1.67 (1.36–2.05) ***

1.39 (1.11–1.76) **

1.47 (1.24–1.75) ***

1.22 (1.00–1.48) **

 Refusal/Don’t know

0.83 (0.15–4.71)

1.09 (0.15–7.7)

0.13 (0.02–0.77) **

0.09 (0.02–0.43) **

0.45 (0.07–2.72)

0.46 (0.06–3.32)

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.20 (0.85–1.69)

1.12 (0.77–1.64)

1.12 (0.82–1.52)

 Refusal/Don’t know

0.72 (0.36–1.45)

0.81 (0.38–1.76)

0.75 (0.40–1.38)

 Gets condoms for free

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Buys condoms

0.69 (0.54–0.88) **

0.82 (0.63 1.07)

0.74 (0.58–0.94) **

0.91 (0.70–1.17)

0.77 (0.62–0.94) **

0.91 (0.73–1.13)

 Gets for free and buys them

0.87 (0.67–1.13)

0.81 (0.61–1.06)

0.90 (0.70–1.15)

0.92 (0.71–1.20)

0.88 (0.71–1.09)

0.86 (0.68–1.07)

 Neither

0.14 (0.04–0.44) **

0.23 (0.06–0.81) **

0.15 (0.06–0.38) ***

0.18 (0.07–0.47) ***

0.19 (0.09–0.43) ***

0.26 (0.11–0.59) **

 Refusal/Don’t know

0.81 (0.22–3.03)

1.53 (0.32–7.24)

0.89 (0.30–2.70)

1.32 (0.39–4.47)

0.72 (0.25–2.06)

1.18 (0.39–3.59)

  All types of sex carry equal risk

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Anal sex

1.32 (1.02–1.70) **

1.15 (0.88–1.50)

1.35 (1.07–1.70) **

1.19 (0.93–1.52)

1.31 (1.07–1.60) **

1.16 (0.94–1.44)

  Vaginal sex

1.15 (0.85–1.57)

1.28 (0.92–1.80)

1.22 (0.87–1.70)

1.47 (1.03–2.10) **

1.12 (0.86–1.46)

1.26 (0.95–1.68)

  Oral

1.06 (0.61–1.87)

1.31 (0.72–2.40)

1.65 (0.98–2.77) *

1.78 (1.04–3.04) **

1.36 (0.86–2.15)

1.48 (0.92–2.37)

  Refusal/Don’t know

0.76 (0.42–1.39)

1.20 (0.63–2.27)

0.82 (0.47–1.44)

1.11 (0.61–2.03)

0.75 (0.45–1.23)

1.04 (0.61–1.76)

  All types of anal sex carry equal risk

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Receptive anal sex

1.01 (0.81–1.25)

1.14 (0.93–1.40)

1.08 (0.90–1.29)

  Insertive anal sex

1.02 (0.72–1.46)

1.19 (0.82–1.75)

1.15 (0.85–1.56)

  Refusal/Don’t know

0.85 (0.52–1.40)

0.79 (0.45–1.40)

0.87 (0.56–1.35)

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.33 (1.08–1.64) **

1.18 (0.94–1.48)

1.39 (1.13–1.70) **

1.24 (0.99–1.55)

1.28 (1.07–1.52) **

1.14 (0.94–1.37)

 Refusal/Don’t know

6.28 (0.94–41.8)

5.23 (0.45–60.3)

2.33 (0.33–16.3)

2.28 (0.25–20.6)

6.15 (0.94–40.4)

6.00 (0.68–53.2)

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.93 (0.76–1.18)

0.84 (0.67–1.06)

0.88 (0.72–1.07)

 Refusal/ Don’t know

0.53 (0.13–2.09)

0.43 (0.08–2.34)

0.52 (0.15–1.81)

 Not at all worried

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Somewhat/ a little worried

0.94 (0.74–1.20)

0.83 (0.70–1.08)

1.06 (0.84–1.33)

0.95 (0.74–1.21)

0.97 (0.79–1.18)

0.87 (0.70–1.07)

 Very worried

0.74 (0.58–0.94) **

0.65 (0.50–0.84) **

0.75 (0.59–0.95) **

0.65 (0.51–0.84) **

0.75 (0.61–0.92) **

0.66 (0.53–0.82) **

 Refusal/Don’t know

0.55 (0.47–0.63) ^***

0.65(0.44–0.97) **

–

–

1.89 (0.27–13.2)

2.27 (0.27–18.7)

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes, once

1.53 (1.11–2.10) **

1.07 (0.56–2.06)

1.59 (1.19–2.13) **

1.89 (1.01–3.56) **

1.51 (1.17–1.97) **

1.44 (0.86–2.43)

 Yes, more than once

1.98 (1.50–2.61) ***

1.36 (0.70–2.67)

1.78 (1.37–2.30) ***

2.02 (1.05–3.89) **

1.77 (1.41–2.22) ***

1.63 (0.95–2.80)

 Refusal/Don’t know

13.9 (2.79–68.9) **

22.1 (6.68–67.5)

5.75 (4.60–7.18) ***

9.72 (4.93–19.2) ***

13.2 (2.68–65.4) **

20.0 (6.6–60.3) **

 Negative

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Positive

1.30 (1.03–1.65) **

1.18 (0.91–1.54)

1.29 (1.04–1.61) **

1.20 (0.94–1.54)

1.22 (1.01–1.48) **

1.13 (0.91–1.39)

 Unknown

0.62 (0.48–0.81) ***

0.82 (0.44–1.54)

0.72 (0.56–0.92) **

1.53 (0.83–2.84)

0.68 (0.55–0.85) **

1.10 (0.67–1.82)

 Negative

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Positive

0.90 (0.73–1.10)

0.89 (0.73–1.08)

0.90 (0.76–1.06)

 Abuja

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Lagos

2.03 (1.62–2.54) ***

1.76 (1.36–2.29) ***

1.47 (1.21–1.79) ***

1.21 (0.95–1.54)

1.60 (1.34–1.89) ***

1.41 (1.15–1.73) **