Table 4 Multivariate multinomial logistic regression results of multimorbidity patternsǂ and social determinants of health (JHLS-II data, 2007/2008; N = 2551)ǂ
Model 1 – Structural determinants only | Model 2 – Intermediary determinants only | Model 3 - All Social Determinants of Health | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic | Vascular-Inflammatory | Respiratory | Metabolic | Vascular-Inflammatory | Respiratory | Metabolic | Vascular-Inflammatory | Respiratory | |
Structural determinants | |||||||||
Socio-economic position | |||||||||
Secondary level or higher | 0.27*** (0.22,0.33) | 0.17*** (0.12,0.22) | 0.77 (0.42,1.41) | 0.73* (0.56,0.96) | 0.87 (0.57,1.35) | 1.03 (0.50,2.16) | |||
Employed full-time | 0.97 (0.80,1.17) | 0.61*** (0.46,0.82) | 1.69 (0.99,2.89) | 0.90 (0.72,1.13) | 0.76 (0.52,1.09) | 1.68 (0.92,3.07) | |||
Top 60% wealth quintile | 1.16 (0.95,1.42) | 1.38* (1.03,1.85) | 1.34 (0.74,2.42) | 1.18 (0.91,1.53) | 1.33 (0.89,1.98) | 1.56 (0.77,3.19) | |||
Intermediary determinants | |||||||||
Material Circumstances | |||||||||
Place to obtain fruit & vegetables (in walking distance) | 1.06 (0.83,1.36) | 0.86 (0.58,1.27) | 0.96 (0.49,1.86) | 1.04 (0.81,1.34) | 0.84 (0.56,1.25) | 0.93 (0.48,1.81) | |||
Recreational areas in walking distance | 0.90 (0.70,1.16) | 0.72 (0.48,1.07) | 0.85 (0.43,1.66) | 0.94 (0.73,1.21) | 0.71 (0.47,1.07) | 0.79 (0.40,1.56) | |||
Home quality (mean, 95% CI) | 1.03 (0.99,1.07) | 1.03 (0.97,1.09) | 1.01 (0.91,1.11) | 1.03 (0.99,1.07) | 1.01 (0.95,1.08) | 0.98 (0.89,1.09) | |||
Behavioural risk factors | |||||||||
Currently use alcohol | 0.81 (0.63,1.02) | 0.95 (0.66,1.38) | 1.51 (0.81,2.81) | 0.79 (0.62,1.01) | 0.91 (0.63,1.33) | 1.42 (0.76,2.66) | |||
Past or present smoker | 1.09 (0.83,1.41) | 1.27 (0.84,1.92) | 0.54 (0.24,1.22) | 1.10 (0.84,1.43) | 1.27 (0.84,1.92) | 0.58 (0.25,1.33) | |||
Low levels of physical activity | 1.05 (0.84,1.31) | 1.24 (0.87,1.77) | 1.73 (0.92,3.26) | 1.04 (0.83,1.30) | 1.21 (0.84,1.73) | 1.83 (0.97,3.45) | |||
Excessive fast-food consumption | 0.85 (0.54,1.36) | 0.98 (0.39,2.43) | 0.73 (0.21,2.51) | 0.85 (0.54,1.35) | 0.94 (0.38,2.36) | 0.71 (0.21,2.45) | |||
Consumes SSB at least once daily | 1.07 (0.86,1.34) | 0.91 (0.65,1.29) | 1.03 (0.58,1.85) | 1.07 (0.86,1.33) | 0.89 (0.63,1.26) | 1.05 (0.58,1.89) | |||
Biological risk factors | |||||||||
Age (mean, 95% CI) | 1.07*** (1.06,1.08) | 1.12*** (1.11,1.14) | 1.04*** (1.02,1.07) | 1.06*** (1.05,1.08) | 1.12*** (1.10,1.14) | 1.05*** (1.02,1.07) | |||
Female sex | 1.04 (0.79,1.36) | 2.65*** (1.64,4.28) | 1.77 (0.76,4.13) | 1.02 (0.78,1.35) | 2.54*** (1.56,4.11) | 1.95 (0.83,4.60) | |||
Health System Factors | |||||||||
Insurance coverage | 0.60** (0.44,0.83) | 1.33 (0.87,2.03) | 0.90 (0.42,1.92) | 0.63** (0.45,0.87) | 1.32 (0.85,2.06) | 0.76 (0.35,1.66) | |||
Recent health service use | 1.71*** (1.36,2.16) | 3.64*** (2.38,5.56) | 3.77*** (1.82,7.81) | 1.68*** (1.33,2.12) | 3.60*** (2.35,5.51) | 3.57*** (1.72,7.41) | |||