Fig. 1

Monthly prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and RV. a Blue circles and bars: mean SARS-CoV-2 prevalence between January 2020 and October 2020 with the corresponding 95% HDIs. Orange circles and bars: mean pandemic RV prevalence between January 2020 and October 2020 with the corresponding 95% HDIs. Colored rectangles along the x-axis at dates of specific measures, relaxations or other important events in 2020 [17]. 27.01: first confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 in Germany; 09.03: large events are canceled; 16.03: schools, child care, shops, churches, bars, etc. are closed; 23.03: contact ban; 20.04: shops (partially) reopen; 27.04: mandatory use of face masks; 30.04: museums, temples, zoos and playgrounds reopen; 04.05: schools (partially) reopen; 16.05: restaurants reopen; 15.06: European Union and Schengen countries reopen borders; 17.06: more than 1,000 meat-factory workers test positive for SARS-CoV-2. b Blue rectangles: 95% HDIs of the mean pre-pandemic RV prevalence in each month of the year. Orange circles and bars refer to RV as in panel (a)