Table 4 Bivariate associations between experiencing a hate crime and demographic characteristics, trans women surveyed in the San Francisco Bay Area, 2016–2018 (N = 629)
Variable | Experienced transphobic hate crime n (%) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 341) | Yes (n = 288) | |||
Age | ||||
18–24 | 42 (12.3) | 28 (9.7) | REF | |
25–34 | 97 (28.5) | 71 (24.7) | 1.10 (0.62, 1.94) | 0.747 |
35–44 | 73 (21.4) | 71 (24.7) | 1.46 (0.82, 2.60) | 0.201 |
45–54 | 67 (19.7) | 72 (25.0) | 1.61 (0.90, 2.89) | 0.108 |
55+ | 62 (18.2) | 46 (16.0) | 1.11 (0.60, 2.05) | 0.732 |
Gender | ||||
Female | 161 (50.0) | 121 (43.8) | REF | |
Transgender female/Trans woman | 145 (45.0) | 145 (52.6) | 1.33 (0.96, 1.85) | 0.089 |
Genderqueer/Genderfluid | 15 (4.7) | 8 (2.9) | 0.71 (0.29, 1.73) | 0.450 |
Androgynous/Ambigender | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.7) | 2.66 (0.24, 29.69) | 0.426 |
Sexual identity | ||||
Gay/Homosexual | 55 (22.6) | 33 (15.6) | REF | |
Bisexual | 50 (20.6) | 46 (21.8) | 1.53 (0.85, 2.76) | 0.155 |
Heterosexual | 138 (56.8) | 132 (62.6) | 1.59 (0.97, 2.61) | 0.064 |
Education | ||||
Middle school or less | 11 (3.2) | 22 (7.6) | REF | |
Some or completed secondary | 142 (41.6) | 127 (44.1) | 0.45 (0.21, 0.95) | 0.039 |
Some or completed college/Technical | 166 (48.7) | 126 (43.8) | 0.38 (0.17, 0.81) | 0.012 |
Postgraduate | 22 (6.5) | 13 (4.5) | 0.30 (0.11, 0.80) | 0.017 |
Ever been undocumented | ||||
No | 305 (89.7) | 244 (84.7) | REF | |
Yes | 35 (10.3) | 44 (15.3) | 1.57 (0.97, 2.53) | 0.06 |
Experienced homelessness as a child | ||||
No | 263 (77.1) | 175 (60.8) | REF | |
Yes | 78 (22.9) | 113 (39.2) | 2.18 (1.54, 3.08) | < 0.001 |
Experienced homelessness as an adult | ||||
No | 126 (36.9) | 47 (16.3) | REF | |
Yes | 215 (63.1) | 241 (83.7) | 3.01 (2.05, 4.40) | < 0.001 |
Current Housing | ||||
Own | 14 (4.1) | 3 (1.1) | REF | |
Renting | 158 (46.3) | 114 (39.6) | 3.37 (0.95, 11.99) | 0.061 |
Single room occupancy (SRO) | 59 (17.3) | 60 (20.8) | 4.74 (1.29, 17.37) | 0.019 |
Homeless/temporary/unstable housing | 81 (23.8) | 81 (28.1) | 4.67 (1.29, 16.86) | 0.019 |
Other | 29 (8.5) | 30 (10.4) | 4.83 (1.25, 18.57) | 0.022 |
Ever did sex work | ||||
No | 163 (47.9) | 59 (20.6) | REF | |
Yes | 177 (52.1) | 228 (79.4) | 3.56 (2.49, 5.08) | < 0.001 |
Ever experienced discrimination by police/in court | ||||
Based on gender identity/presentation | 66 (59.5) | 121 (57.4) | REF | |
Based on race, ethnicity, or color | 5 (4.5) | 5 (2.4) | 0.55 (0.15, 0.35) | 0.352 |
Based on both gender and race/ethnicity | 40 (36.0) | 85 (40.3) | 1.16 (0.72, 1.87) | 0.547 |
Feel gender identity passes | ||||
Not at all | 36 (10.6) | 23 (8.1) | REF | |
A little bit | 48 (14.2) | 49 (17.3) | 1.60 (0.83, 3.08) | 0.162 |
Somewhat | 114 (33.6) | 111 (39.1) | 1.52 (0.85, 2.74) | 0.158 |
A lot | 141 (41.6) | 101 (35.6) | 1.12 (0.63, 2.01) | 0.700 |
Feel gender identity questioned | ||||
Not at all | 50 (14.9) | 20 (7.1) | REF | |
A little bit | 126 (37.5) | 84 (29.7) | 1.67 (0.93, 3.00) | 0.088 |
Somewhat | 81 (24.1) | 85 (30.0) | 2.62 (1.44, 4.79) | 0.002 |
A lot | 79 (23.5) | 94 (33.2) | 2.97 (1.63, 5.41) | < 0.001 |
Ever been incarcerated | ||||
No | 150 (44.1) | 80 (27.8) | REF | |
Yes | 190 (55.9) | 208 (72.2) | 2.05 (1.47, 2.87) | < 0.001 |