Table 2 Distance Learning organisation by School
Primary school | Middle school | Total | OR | CI 95% | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Instruments (flag) | ||||||
Computer | 130 (11.5) | 70 (15.6) | 200 (12.6) | 0.70 | (0.51–0.96) | 0.0275 |
PC | 727 (64.2) | 320 (71.1) | 1.047 (66.1) | 0.73 | (0.57–0.92) | 0.0084 |
Smartphone/Tablet | 666 (58.8) | 277 (61.6) | 943 (59.6) | 0.89 | (0.71–1.11) | 0.3105 |
Books | 800 (70.6) | 280 (62.2) | 1.080 (68.2) | 1.46 | (1.16–1.83) | 0.0012 |
Missing | 15 | 3 | 18 | |||
Difficulties with technologies | ||||||
Not used | 17 (1.5) | 7 (1.6) | 24 (1.5) | 0.90 | (0.37–2.18) | 0.0579 |
Some | 184 (16.3) | 95 (21.4) | 279 (17.7) | 0.71 | (0.54–0.94) | |
None | 927 (82.2) | 342 (77.0) | 1.269 (80.7) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | |
Missing | 20 | 9 | 29 | |||
Frequency of PC use | ||||||
Low | 112 (10.2) | 17 (3.8) | 129 (8.3) | 3.48 | (2.06–5.90) | < 0.0001 |
Moderate | 355 (32.3) | 95 (21.3) | 450 (29.1) | 1.97 | (1.52–2.57) | |
Often | 632 (57.5) | 334 (74.9) | 966 (62.5) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | |
Missing | 12 | 3 | 15 | |||
Type of tools (flag) | ||||||
Edmodo, Google Suits for Education | 678 (59.8) | 265 (58.8) | 943 (59.5) | 1.04 | (0.84–1.30) | 0.7062 |
WhatsApp/FaceTime | 458 (40.4) | 219 (48.6) | 677 (42.7) | 0.72 | (0.58–0.89) | 0.0030 |
Zoom, Skype | 273 (24.1) | 90 (20.0) | 363 (22.9) | 1.27 | (0.97–1.66) | 0.0783 |
Electronic register | 628 (55.4) | 331 (73.4) | 959 (60.5) | 0.45 | (0.35–0.57) | < 0.0001 |
YouTube | 427 (37.7) | 133 (29.5) | 560 (35.3) | 1.44 | (1.14–1.83) | 0.0022 |
None | 496 (43.7) | 260 (57.6) | 756 (47.7) | 0.57 | (0.46–0.71) | < 0.0001 |
Missing | ||||||
Frequency of web tools use | ||||||
Low | 199 (28.6) | 38 (10.2) | 237 (22.1) | 3.58 | (2.45–5.23) | < 0.0001 |
Moderate | 287 (41.2) | 97 (26.0) | 384 (35.9) | 2.02 | (1.53–2.67) | |
Often | 401 (57.5) | 274 (73.5) | 675 (63.1) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | |
Missing | 9 | 2 | 11 | |||
Teaching modalities (flag) | ||||||
Homework | 1.044 (91.0) | 416 (92.4) | 1.460 (91.4) | 0.83 | (0.55–1.24) | 0.3605 |
Film/ Documentaries | 718 (62.6) | 287 (63.8) | 1.005 (62.9) | 0.95 | (0.76–1.19) | 0.6606 |
School Material | 686 (59.8) | 263 (58.4) | 949 (59.4) | 1.06 | (0.85–1.32) | 0.6176 |
Video-lessons | 936 (81.6) | 414 (92.0) | 1.350 (84.5) | 0.39 | (0.27–0.56) | < 0.0001 |
Books | 663 (57.8) | 327 (72.7) | 990 (62.0) | 0.52 | (0.41–0.65) | < 0.0001 |
Missing | 1 | 3 | 4 | |||
Distance learning organisation | ||||||
Yes | 766 (71.3) | 335 (77.9) | 1.101 (73.2) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 0.0092 |
No | 308 (28.7) | 95 (22.1) | 403 (26.8) | 1.42 | (1.09–1.85) | |
Missing | 74 | 23 | 97 | |||
Stable routine | ||||||
Yes | 271 (24.7) | 149 (34.2) | 420 (27.4) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 0.0002 |
No | 826 (75.3) | 287 (65.8) | 1.113 (72.6) | 1.50 | (1.24–2.01) | |
Missing | 51 | 17 | 68 | |||
Child effort | ||||||
Yes | 899 (81.7) | 352 (80.0) | 1.251 (81.2) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 0.4329 |
No | 201 (18.3) | 88 (20.0) | 289 (18.8) | 0.89 | (0.68–1.18) | |
Missing | 48 | 13 | 61 | |||
Teachers reachability | ||||||
Yes | 786 (72.6) | 256 (59.4) | 1.042 (68.9) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | < 0.0001 |
No | 296 (27.4) | 175 (40.6) | 471 (31.1) | 0.55 | (0.44–0.70) | |
Missing | 66 | 22 | 88 | |||
Assessment | ||||||
Yes | 993 (88.5) | 432 (95.6) | 1.425 (90.5) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | < 0.0001 |
No | 129 (11.5) | 20 (4.4) | 149 (9.5) | 2.81 | (1.73–4.55) | |
Missing | 26 | 1 | 27 | |||
Homework revision | ||||||
Teachers | 846 (75.1) | 321 (72.3) | 1.167 (74.3) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 0.0449 |
Self-revision | 65 (5.8) | 17 (3.8) | 82 (5.2) | 1.45 | (0.84–2.51) | |
Both | 215 (19.1) | 106 (23.9) | 321 (20.4) | 0.77 | (0.59–1.00) | |
Missing | 22 | 9 | 31 | |||
Grades attribution | ||||||
Yes | 517 (46.9) | 343 (80.0) | 860 (56.2) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | < 0.0001 |
No | 585 (53.1) | 86 (20.0) | 671 (43.8) | 4.51 | (3.46–5.88) | |
Missing | 46 | 24 | 70 | |||
Planned assessment | ||||||
Yes | 558 (59.3) | 327 (77.7) | 885 (65.0) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | < 0.0001 |
No | 383 (40.7) | 94 (22.3) | 477 (35.0) | 2.39 | (1.83–3.11) | |
Missing | 52 | 11 | 63 | |||
Grades variability | ||||||
Higher | 62 (12.5) | 53 (16.2) | 115 (14.0) | 0.68 | (0.46–1.02) | 0.0037 |
Same | 398 (80.4) | 232 (70.9) | 630 (76.6) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | |
Lower | 35 (7.1) | 42 (12.8) | 77 (9.4) | 0.49 | (0.30–0.78) | |
Missing | 22 | 16 | 38 | |||