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Table 2 Differences in weight and health behavior risks, White, Black, Latinx, Filipino, and Chinese women and men aged 35–64 years

From: Racial/ethnic, gender, and age group differences in cardiometabolic risks among adults in a Northern California health plan: a cross-sectional study

 

Women

Men

Weight and Behavior Risks

White

Black

Latina

Filipina

Chinese

White

Black

Latino

Filipino

Chinese

 

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

Weight 1

 Healthy weight

34.3 a (34.1–34.5)

14.6 ab (14.2–14.9)

20.4 ab (20.1–21.0)

20.6 abc (20.2–21.0)

44.5 ab (43.9–45.2)

18.3 (18.2–18.5)

13.4 d (13.0–13.8)

9.7 b (9.5–10.0)

7.2 bc (6.9–7.6)

18.7 (18.1–19.3)

 Overweight or obese

64.6 a (64.4–64.8)

85.0 b (84.6–85.3)

79.2 ab (78.9–79.5)

78.6 abc (78.2–79.0)

51.7 ab (51.0–52.3)

81.4 (81.3–81.6)

86.4 b (86.0–86.8)

90.2 b (90.0–90.5)

92.5 bc (92.2–92.9)

80.8 (80.2–81.4)

 Obese

35.1 a (34.9–35.3)

57.6 ab (57.1–58.0)

47.7 ab (47.3–48.1)

38.1 abc (37.6–38.6)

16.4 ab (15.9–16.9)

39.6 (39.4–39.8)

50.4 b (49.8–51.0)

51.7 b (51.2–52.1)

51.8 bc (51.2–52.4)

29.7 b (29.0–30.3)

Smoking status

 Never smoker

68.3 a (68.2–68.5)

69.3 a (69.0–69.7)

77.5 ab (77.3–77.8)

81.2 abc (80.9–81.6)

92.0 ab (91.7–92.8)

63.4 (63.2–63.6)

62.8 (62.3–63.3)

66.6 b (66.3–67.0)

55.6 bc (55.1–56.1)

77.2 b (76.7–77.8)

 Former smoker

23.5 (23.3–23.6)

19.7 (19.3–20.0)

17.4 (17.1–17.7)

14.1 (13.8–14.4)

6.3 (6.0–6.6)

24.6 (24.4–24.7)

21.2 (20.8–21.6)

23.4 (23.1–23.7)

31.0 (30.5–31.5)

15.7 (15.2–16.1)

 Current smoker

8.2 a (8.1–8.3)

11.0 ab (10.8–11.1)

5.1 ab (4.9–5.2)

4.7 abc (4.5–4.8)

1.7 ab (1.6–1.9)

12.0 (11.9–12.1)

16.0 b (15.7–16.4)

10.0 b (9.7–10.2)

13.4 bc (13.0–13.7)

7.1 b (6.8–7.4)

Alcohol use

 Stays within recommended daily limit2

61.1 a (59.1–63.1)

68.2 ae (64.3–72.1)

62.1 a (58.8–65.4)

84.3 b (80.4–88.2)

89.5 ab (86.0–93.0)

78.5 (76.6–80.3)

79.8 (75.8–83.7)

68.0 b (64.6–71.5)

81.0 c (76.0–86.1)

96.8 b (94.7–98.9)

Dietary behaviors

 Fruit and vegetable intake

  ≥ 3 servings a day

67.7 a (65.8–69.5)

41.2 ab (37.3–45.1)

41.8 ab (38.6–44.9)

26.2 bc (21.8–30.6)

53.9 ab (48.5–59.3)

46.9 (44.7–49.1)

23.0 b (19.0–27.0)

29.6 b (26.3–32.8)

19.6 bc (14.7–24.4)

36.7 b (31.3–42.1)

  ≥ 5 servings a day

25.3 a (23.6–27.0)

11.4 ab (8.8–13.9)

11.7 ab (9.7–13.8)

6.4 bc (3.9–8.9)

14.3 b (10.5–18.1)

14.2 (12.7–15.7)

4.9 b (3.0–6.8)

7.0 b (5.1–8.8)

3.9 bc (1.5–6.3)

12.7 (9.0–16.5)

 Tries to avoid high sodium/high salt foods most or all of the time

65.9 a (64.1–67.8)

58.7 b (54.8–62.6)

59.5 ab (56.4–62.6)

49.9 bc (44.9–54.8)

61.4 a (56.2–66.6)

53.4 (51.3–55.6)

54.7 (50.1–59.3)

52.7 (49.1–56.2)

46.5 d (40.5–52.6)

48.7 (43.1–54.2)

 Frequency consumes sugar-sweetened beverages3

  < Once a week or never

61.5 a (59.0–64.1)

36.1 ab (31.7–40.4)

48.8 ab (45.1–52.5)

46.0 abc (39.8–52.2)

57.4 a (50.6–64.2)

45.6 (42.0–48.4)

28.5 b (23.7–33.3)

31.4 b (27.6–35.2)

28.5 bc (21.5–35.5)

43.9 (37.2–50.6)

  ≥ 3 days a week

25.1 a (22.8–27.4)

46.9 b (42.4–51.5)

34.8 ab (31.3–38.4)

40.8 abc (34.7–47.0)

25.0 (19.1–31.0)

35.2 (32.5–37.9)

51.2 b (45.9–56.5)

49.3 b (45.2–53.4)

55.7 bc (48.0–63.4)

32.0 (25.6–38.4)

   ≥ 5 days a week

19.1 a (17.0–21.1)

30.1 ab (25.9–34.3)

27.3 ab (24.0–30.7)

33.4 bc (27.5–39.3)

16.9 (11.7–22.1)

27.1 (24.6–29.7)

37.8 b (32.7–43.0)

35.5 b (31.6–39.4)

42.2 bc (34.6–49.8)

23.2 (17.5–29.0)

 Reports trying to eat mostly healthy foods

81.7 a (80.2–83.2)

72.7 b (69.2–76.2)

74.7 ab (71.9–77.5)

74.2 e (69.9–78.4)

80.1 a (75.8–84.4)

71.0 (69.1–73.0)

68.6 (64.3–72.9)

69.3 (66.0–72.5)

69.0 (63.3–74.6)

67.7 (62.5–72.9)

Exercise/physical activity frequency

 ≥ 3 days a week

74.6 (72.9–76.3)

66.4 ab (62.7–70.2)

71.7 (68.8–74.6)

67.2 e (62.6–71.9)

69.3 d (64.4–74.2)

74.1 (72.2–76.0)

72.6 (68.5–76.7)

72.5 (69.4–75.7)

70.2 (64.7–75.7)

67.3 d (52.1–72.5)

 ≥ 5 days a week

41.3 (39.3–43.2)

30.3 ab (26.6–33.9)

35.5 e (32.4–38.5)

33.3 ce (28.6–38.0)

40.4 (35.1–45.6)

43.8 (41.7–46.0)

38.9 (34.5–43.4)

39.1 d (35.7–42.6)

40.7 (34.8–46.6)

34.6 d (29.4–39.8)

 < once a week

10.1 (8.9–11.3)

15.8 b (12.9–18.7)

11.6 (9.6–13.7)

12.3 (9.0–15.6)

9.7 (6.5–12.9)

8.8 (7.6–10.1)

13.9 e (10.7–17.2)

11.1 (8.9–13.3)

11.2 (7.4–15.0)

13.5 d (9.7–17.3)

 Reports trying to get exercise most days

65.6 (63.8–67.5)

63.3 (59.5–67.1)

66.8 (63.8–69.9)

74.2 bc (69.8–78.5)

63.4 (58.2–68.6)

64.1 (62.0–66.2)

68.9 d (64.6–73.1)

65.8 (62.5–69.2)

72.9 ce (67.5–78.3)

65.2 (59.9–70.5)

Usual amount of sleep

 ≥ 7 h a day

70.4 a (66.6–72.2)

45.7 b (41.7–49.7)

59.8 b (56.7–63.0)

51.8 bc (46.8–56.7)

59.5 b (54.3–64.7)

66.5 (64.5–68.6)

42.6 b (38.1–47.2)

56.0 b (52.4–59.5)

47.2 bc (41.1–53.3)

64.2 (58.9–69.6)

 < 7 h a day

29.6 a (27.8–31.4)

54.3 b (50.3–58.3)

40.2 b (37.0–43.4)

48.2 bc (43.3–53.2)

40.5 b (35.3–45.8)

33.5 (31.4–35.5)

57.4 b (52.8–62.0)

44.0 b (40.5–47.6)

52.8 bc (46.7–59.0)

35.8 (30.4–41.1)

 < 6 h a day

7.6 (6.6–8.6)

24.8 b (21.4–28.3)

14.5 b (12.2–16.8)

18.4 b (14.5–22.2)

13.0 e (9.3–16.7)

8.4 (7.1–9.6)

22.7 b (18.8–26.6)

12.5 e (10.2–14.9)

18.1 bc (13.4–22.7)

9.4 (6.2–12.6)

 Reports trying to get enough sleep to feel well-rested

76.4 a (74.7–78.1)

68.0 b (64.3–71.6)

68.2 b (65.3–71.2)

73.1 (68.7–77.4)

67.5 b (62.4–72.5)

67.5 (65.5–69.6)

61.9 d (57.4–66.3)

65.3 (62.0–68.7)

66.3 (60.6–72.0)

60.5 d (55.1–66.0)

  1. Estimates for smoking status and weight categories are based on electronic health record (EHR) data for a very large cohort of adults who were KPNC members during all of calendar year 2016. Estimates for other behaviors are based on pooled data from the 2014/2015 and 2017 Member Health Surveys weighted to the age-gender composition of KPNC adult members in the relevant race/ethnic group whose preferred spoken language in the EHR was English. All estimates are standardized to the age distribution of 65–79 year old adults (using age categories 65–69, 70–74, 75–79) in the U.S. population in 2016
  2. 1 White, Black, and Latinx adults: Healthy weight = BMI 18.5- < 27.5; Overweight or obese = BMI ≥ 27.5; Overweight = BMI 27.5 - < 30.0; Obese = BMI ≥ 30.0; Filipino and Chinese adults: Healthy weight = BMI 18.5 - < 23.0; Overweight or obese = BMI ≥ 23.0; Overweight = BMI 23 - < 27.5; Obese = BMI ≥ 27.5
  3. 2 Recommended limits: ≤ 1 drink per day for all women and for men aged ≤ 65; ≤ 2 drinks per day for men > age 65
  4. 3 Based on weighted pooled data from the 2015 and 2017 surveys
  5. a Within racial/ethnic group, women significantly different from men at p < .05
  6. b Significantly different from Whites at p < .001
  7. c Filipinos significantly different from Chinese at p < .05
  8. d Significantly different from Whites at p < .05
  9. e Significantly different from Whites at p < .01
  10. f Lower bound of 95% CI is < 0