Table 2 Analysis of risk factors of osteoporosis using univariate logistic regression model

Female

0.675

0.115

< 0.001^**

1.963

(1.566,2.461)

Age (years)

0.104

0.007

< 0.001^**

1.109

(1.094,1.124)

Height (cm)

−0.068

0.008

< 0.001^**

0.934

(0.921,0.948)

Weight (kg)

−0.051

0.006

< 0.001^**

0.950

(0.939,0.961)

BMI (kg/m²)

−0.091

0.019

< 0.001^**

0.913

(0.879,0.948)

SBP (mmHg)

0.010

0.003

0.001^**

1.010

(1.004,1.015)

DBP (mmHg)

0.000

0.005

0.947

1.000

(0.991,1.010)

 Fracture

0.585

0.161

< 0.001^**

1.796

(1.309,2.462)

 Hyperthyroidism

0.311

0.361

0.388

1.365

(0.673,2.770)

 Hypertension

0.361

0.149

0.015^*

1.435

(1.071,1.922)

 CHD

1.458

0.412

< 0.001^**

4.299

(1.916,9.644)

 DM

0.392

0.214

0.067^*

1.479

(0.973,2.250)

 Chronic gastrointestinal disease

0.229

0.172

0.185^*

1.257

(0.897,1.762)

 Chronic renal failure

0.044

0.252

0.862

1.045

(0.638,1.711)

 Gout

0.927

0.450

0.039^*

2.528

(1.047,6.102)

 Malignant tumor

0.176

0.629

0.799

1.193

(0.347,4.096)

 Corticosteroids

−0.365

1.156

0.752

0.694

(0.072,6.693)

 Calcium tablet

−0.841

0.131

< 0.001^**

0.431

(0.334,0.558)

 Smoking

0.234

0.129

0.069^*

1.264

(0.981,1.628)

 Drinking

0.607

0.125

< 0.001^**

1.835

(1.436,2.345)

 Cooking

0.717

0.117

< 0.001^**

2.049

(1.628,2.578)

 Sedentary

–

–

–

Ref.

1.00

 Light activity

0.476

0.118

< 0.001^**

1.610

(1.277,2.031)

 Manual labor

0.403

0.275

0.142^*

1.497

(0.874,2.564)

 Working at home

0.805

0.151

< 0.001^**

2.237

(1.665,3.006)

 Walking

–

–

–

Ref.

1.00

 Taking buses

−0.372

0.171

0.029^*

0.689

(0.493,0.963)

 Driving

−1.043

0.180

< 0.001^**

0.352

(0.247,0.502)

 Never

–

–

–

Ref.

1.00

 Occasionally

−0.304

0.206

0.140^*

0.738

(0.493,1.105)

 Often

0.468

0.198

0.018^*

1.597

(1.083,2.355)

 Physical exercise

−0.291

0.125

0.020^*

0.747

(0.585,0.954)