Application of the health action process approach model for reducing excessive internet use behaviors among rural adolescents in China: a school-based intervention pilot study

Table 4 The path coefficients of the HAPA model (model 1, n = 327)

		Standardized coefficient (95% CI)	Unstandardized coefficient (standard error)	P-value
Direct effects	Action self-efficacy→ Intention^**	0.660 (0.525, 0.779)	0.904 (0.104)	0.001
	Risk perception→ Intention	−0.088(− 0.193, 0.023)	−0.124 (0.077)	0.114
	Outcome expectancy→ Intention^*	0.144 (0.021, 0.265)	0.224 (0.093)	0.023
	Intention→ Planning^**	0.293 (0.176, 0.413)	0.332 (0.069)	0.001
	Maintenance self-efficacy→ Planning^**	0.424 (0.272, 0.560)	0.584 (0.110)	0.001
	Maintenance self-efficacy→ Internet use behaviors	0.008(−0.180, 0.189)	0.006 (0.073)	0.976
	Planning→ Internet use behaviors^**	0.494 (0.346, 0.643)	0.274 (0.051)	0.001
Indirect effects	Outcome expectancy→ Intention→ Planning^*	0.042 (0.006, 0.088)	0.074 (0.037)	0.023
	Outcome expectancy→ Intention→ Planning→ Internet use behaviors^*	0.021 (0.003, 0.048)	0.020 (0.011)	0.023
	Risk perception→ Intention→ Planning	−0.026(−0.063, 0.006)	− 0.041 (0.028)	0.114
	Risk perception→ Intention→ Planning→ Internet use behaviors	−0.013(− 0.033, 0.003)	−0.011 (0.008)	0.114
	Action self-efficacy→ Intention→ Planning^**	0.193 (0.116, 0.279)	0.300 (0.068)	0.001
	Action self-efficacy→ Intention→ Planning→ Internet use behaviors^**	0.095 (0.048, 0.154)	0.082 (0.025)	0.001
	Intention→ Planning→ Internet use behaviors^**	0.145 (0.072, 0.231)	0.091 (0.027)	0.001
	Maintenance self-efficacy→ Planning→ Internet use behaviors^**	0.209 (0.117, 0.314)	0.160 (0.044)	0.001

^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01. The starting of the arrows were independent variables, and the end of the arrows were dependent variables

ISSN: 1471-2458