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Table 4 Regressions of health status on health utilization latent class membership, gender, and other covariates

From: Sex differences in health status, healthcare utilization, and costs among individuals with elevated blood pressure: the LARK study from Western Kenya

 

Self-Reported Health (Diff, 95% CI)

Pain (OR, CI)

Anxiety and Depression (OR, CI)

Mobility (OR, CI)

Self Care (OR, CI)

Usual Activities (OR, CI)

High-cost utilizer vs Non-utilizer

−4.03 (−5.93, −2.17)

1.70 (1.25, 2.31)

1.67 (0.99, 2.80)

1.97 (1.43, 2.72)

2.09 (1.22, 3.57)

2.57 (1.80, 3.68)

Low-cost utilizer vs Non-utilizer

−4.55 (−6.52, − 2.61)

1.20 (0.88, 1.65)

1.30 (0.72, 2.35)

1.69 (1.21, 2.36)

1.81 (1.04, 3.14)

1.79 (1.22, 2.62)

Female vs Male

−1.49 (−2.99, 0.02)

2.04 (1.60, 2.61)

1.78 (1.11, 2.85)

1.74 (1.33, 2.28)

1.16 (0.72, 1.86)

1.67 (1.21, 2.31)

Age 50–64 vs < 50

−2.16 (−3.82, −0.50)

1.89 (1.44, 2.49)

1.09 (0.66, 1.79)

1.72 (1.26, 2.33)

2.73 (1.39, 5.38)

1.94 (1.33, 2.83)

Age ≥ 65 vs < 50

−6.03 (−7.85, −4.21)

3.05 (2.25, 4.13)

0.93 (0.54, 1.62)

3.19 (2.31, 4.41)

5.15 (2.70, 9.83)

3.19 (2.19, 4.67)

Have NHIF vs Not

1.61 (−0.39, 3.64)

1.44 (1.03, 2.00)

0.81 (0.42, 1.56)

0.87 (0.60, 1.25)

0.63 (0.30, 1.32)

0.85 (0.55, 1.31)

Earn < 5000 KS vs No Job

1.63 (−0.28, 3.53)

0.82 (0.60, 1.12)

1.74 (0.97, 3.12)

0.75 (0.54, 1.03)

0.33 (0.20, 0.54)

0.41 (0.29, 0.58)

Earn ≥ 5000 KS vs No Job

5.02 (2.72, 7.32)

0.55 (0.38, 0.80)

0.88 (0.42, 1.85)

0.50 (0.33, 0.76)

0.38 (0.19, 0.75)

0.35 (0.22, 0.56)

  1. Values presented as Odds Ratio or Difference (95% confidence interval). Overall health is a score of 0–100, where higher values indicate better health. A negative effect means that women have lower reported health than men. The other symptom measures compare having any symptoms to no symptoms