Table 1 Demographics and characteristics of the study subjects according to the lung function test (N = 1653)
Variable | Total (n = 1653) | Lung impairment (n = 611) | Normal (n = 1042) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Male sex | 598 (36.2) | 249 (40.8) | 349 (33.5) | 0.003 |
Age, years | 63.4 ± 14.8 | 68.7 ± 12.5 | 60.4 ± 15.3 | < 0.001 |
Age, years | < 0.001 | |||
20–40 | 166 (10.0) | 21 (3.4) | 145 (13.9) | |
41–64 | 593 (35.9) | 171 (28.0) | 422 (40.5) | |
≥ 65 | 894 (54.1) | 419 (68.6) | 475 (45.6) | |
Education level, years | 6.8 ± 5.5 | 5.2 ± 4.9 | 7.8 ± 5.5 | < 0.001 |
Had a job | 783 (47.4) | 253 (41.4) | 530 (50.9) | < 0.001 |
Substance use (current user) | ||||
Smoking* | 300 (18.1) | 136 (22.3) | 164 (15.7) | 0.001 |
Betel nut chewing | 162 (9.8) | 82 (13.4) | 80 (7.7) | < 0.001 |
Alcoholic drinking | 188 (11.4) | 77 (12.6) | 111 (10.7) | 0.228 |
Lung function | ||||
Forced vital capacity, (L) | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 |
FVC % of predicted value, % | 84.6 ± 17.6 | 67.6 ± 13.6 | 94.6 ± 10.6 | < 0.001 |
FEV1/FVC ratio, % | 83.5 ± 19.2 | 83.6 ± 30.8 | 83.4 ± 5.6 | 0.834 |
Health-related behaviors (usually/always) | ||||
Intake vegetable ≥3 portions per day | 1119 (67.7) | 381 (62.4) | 738 (70.8) | < 0.001 |
Fruit > 1.5 servings per day | 929 (56.2) | 303 (49.6) | 626 (60.1) | < 0.001 |
Intake of water > 1500 cc per day | 979 (59.2) | 341 (55.8) | 638 (61.2) | 0.030 |
Exercise > 30 min, three times per week | 501 (30.3) | 171 (28.0) | 330 (31.7) | 0.116 |
Cardiometabolic risk factors | ||||
Central obesity (WC) 1 | 903 (54.6) | 366 (59.9) | 537 (51.5) | 0.001 |
Blood pressure 2 | 1018 (61.6) | 385 (63.0) | 633 (60.7) | 0.361 |
HDL-C3 | 624 (37.7) | 271 (44.4) | 353 (33.9) | < 0.001 |
HbA1C4 | 1174 (71.0) | 483 (79.1) | 691 (66.3) | < 0.001 |
Triglyceride5 | 503 (30.4) | 212 (34.7) | 291 (27.9) | 0.004 |
Metabolic syndrome (MetS)6 | 851 (51.5) | 368 (60.2) | 483 (46.4) | < 0.001 |
Number of cardiometabolic risk factors | 2.6 ± 1.4 | 2.8 ± 1.3 | 2.4 ± 1.4 | < 0.001 |