Table 2 Results of adjusted multivariable logistic regression with lasso variable selection: Correlates of HIV treatment engagement in the context of COVID-19 in a global sample of transgender and nonbinary people living with HIV

On treatment

Gender identity

Nonbinary

ref

Trans masculine

0.55 (0.34–0.90)*

0.018

Trans feminine

0.88 (0.72–1.07)

0.229

Age

18–29 years old

ref

30–39 years old

1.07 (0.92–1.23)

0.345

40–29 years old

1.04 (0.85–1.28)

0.649

50 or more years old

0.97 (0.68–1.37)

0.866

Education

Less than college

ref

College/Some college

1.27 (1.02–1.59)*

0.033

Level of socioeconomic status

Lower

ref

Lower-middle

0.90 (0.63–1.29)

0.593

Upper-middle

0.84 (0.56–1.26)

0.413

Upper

0.83 (0.41–1.65)

0.603

WHO continent region

South-East Asia

Americas

1.01 (0.83–1.23)

0.854

Eastern Mediterranean

0.90 (0.73–1.10)

0.325

Africa

1.23 (0.98–1.53)

0.062

Europe

0.84 (0.61–1.16)

0.300

Western Pacific

0.85 (0.48–1.48)

0.570

Access to HIV Provider

Gender identity

Nonbinary

ref

Trans masculine

0.89 (0.46–1.72)

0.748

Trans feminine

0.94 (0.75–1.18)

0.637

Age

18–29 years old

ref

30–39 years old

1.19 (0.97–1.45)

0.089

40–49 years old

1.29 (1.01–1.64)*

0.036

50 or more years old

1.30 (1.02–1.65)*

0.031

WHO continent region

South-East Asia

ref

Americas

0.65 (0.49–0.86)*

0.002

Eastern Mediterranean

0.85 (0.56–1.30)

0.475

Africa

0.65 (0.44–0.96)*

0.035

Europe

0.78 (0.63–0.92)*

0.006

Western Pacific

0.37 (0.29–0.46)*

< 0.001

Job loss/unemployment (anticipated)

No

ref

Yes

1.11 (0.91–1.34)

0.292

Access to Treatment

Gender identity

Nonbinary

ref

Trans masculine

0.88 (0.60–1.30)

0.548

Trans feminine

0.87 (0.72–1.06)

0.179

Age

18–29 years old

ref

30–39 years old

1.36 (1.01–1.84)*

0.041

40–29 years old

1.63 (1.17–2.26)*

0.003

50 or more years old

1.31 (1.03–1.67)*

0.026

Education

Less than college

ref

College/Some college

0.97 (0.86–1.08)

0.622

Level of socioeconomic status

Lower

ref

Lower-middle

0.84 (0.71–1.01)

0.060

Upper-middle

0.99 (0.82–1.19)

0.935

Upper

0.64 (0.47–1.88)

0.065

Migrant status

No/Unsure

ref

Yes

0.89 (0.72–1.09)

0.279

WHO continent region

South-East Asia

ref

Americas

1.30 (1.09–1.55)*

0.003

Eastern Mediterranean

0.74 (0.46–1.18)

0.217

Africa

0.90 (0.70–1.15)

0.413

Europe

0.99 (0.82–1.19)

0.924

Western Pacific

0.87 (0.29–2.58)

0.803

Income reduction (anticipated)

No

ref

Yes

1.21 (0.87–1.70)

0.247

Job loss/unemployment (anticipated)

No

ref

Yes

0.79 (0.63–0.90)*

0.044

Cutting Meals

No

ref

Yes

0.86 (0.71–1.05)

0.167

Remote Prescription Refill

Gender identity

Nonbinary

ref

Trans masculine

1.44 (0.96–2.16)

0.075

Trans feminine

0.98 (0.79–1.23)

0.910

Level of socioeconomic status

Lower

ref

Lower-middle

1.13 (0.88–1.46)

0.326

Upper-middle

1.06 (0.77–1.46)

0.708

Upper

1.54 (1.03–2.30)*

0.033