Fig. 3

Kernel density estimation to visualize the shape and nature of relationship among the measures of perceived threat and perceived efficacy, May 2020, Ethiopia. With exception of perceived collective efficacy (PCE), all measures of efficacy were consistently higher whereas measures of health threat-specially perception of vulnerability was very low (b). Overall health threat and efficacy were also show clear difference between perception of threat (very low) and efficacy (.e. perceptions of the effectiveness of the COVID-19 preventive measures and beliefs one’s own ability to exert personal control to perform protective behavior) (b)