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Table 4 Associations of economic, emotional, physical, and sexual violence against women with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation, for 4906 ever-married women in informal settlements in Mumbai

From: Economic abuse and its associations with symptoms of common mental disorders among women in a cross-sectional survey in informal settlements in Mumbai, India

 

No

(%)

Yes

(%)

OR

(95% CI)

aOR1

(95% CI)

aOR2

(95% CI)

Moderate or severe depression on PHQ-9

Economic abuse

 No

3441

(95)

165

(5)

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Yes

1022

(79)

278

(21)

5.7

(4.5, 7.1)

4.4

(3.5, 5.4)

2.6

(2.0, 3.4)

Emotional violence in last 12 m

 No

3759

(95)

220

(5)

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Yes

704

(76)

223

(24)

5.4

(4.4, 6.7)

4.8

(3.9, 6.0)

2.5

(1.9, 3.3)

Physical violence in last 12 m

 No

3998

(93)

292

(7)

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Yes

467

(76)

151

(24)

4.4

(3.5, 5.5)

4.0

(3.1, 5.1)

1.4

(1.0, 1.8)

Sexual violence in last 12 m

 No

4336

(92)

384

(8)

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Yes

127

(68)

59

(32)

5.2

(3.8, 7.3)

4.5

(3.1, 6.5)

1.5

(1.0, 2.2)

Moderate or severe anxiety on GAD-7

Economic abuse

 No

3505

(97)

101

(3)

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Yes

1102

(85)

198

(15)

6.2

(4.6, 8.5)

4.8

(3.4, 6.6)

2.7

(1.9, 3.8)

Emotional violence in last 12 m

 No

3843

(97)

136

(3)

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Yes

764

(82)

163

(18)

6.0

(4.6, 7.9)

5.5

(4.1, 7.3)

2.7

(1.8, 4.0)

Physical violence in last 12 m

 No

4099

(96)

189

(4)

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Yes

508

(82)

110

(18)

4.7

(3.5, 6.2)

4.4

(3.2, 6.1)

1.4

(1.0, 2.0)

Sexual violence in last 12 m

 No

4465

(95)

255

(5)

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Yes

142

(76)

44

(24)

5.4

(3.7, 7.9)

4.9

(3.1, 7.8)

1.6

(1.0, 2.6)

Suicidal thoughts or action in last 12 months

Economic abuse

 No

3495

(97)

111

(3)

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Yes

1097

(84)

203

16)

5.8

(4.5, 7.5)

4.9

(3.7, 6. 4)

2.2

(1.5, 3.1)

Emotional violence in last 12 m

 No

3851

(97)

128

(3)

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Yes

741

(80)

186

(20)

7.5

(6.0, 9.5)

6.9

(5.3, 8.9)

2.8

(1.8, 4.2)

Physical violence in last 12 m

 No

4121

(96)

167

(4)

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Yes

471

(76)

147

(24)

7.7

(5.9, 10.1)

6.7

(5.0, 9.1)

2.3

(1.5, 3.5)

Sexual violence in last 12 m

 No

4463

(95)

257

(5)

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Yes

129

(69)

57

(31)

7.7

(5.4, 10.9)

6.2

(4.3, 9.1)

1.8

(1.2, 2.6)

  1. PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire 9-question screen, GAD-7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-question screen, OR crude odds ratio, aOR1 odds ratio adjusted with covariates for respondent age, education, religion, caste, socioeconomic quintile, respondent and husband employment, respondent and husband drug or alcohol use, aOR2 odds ratio adjusted as aOR1 plus covariates for emotional, physical, and sexual violence