From: Exploring the relationship between life quality and the perceptions of living-environment crises
Main variables | Model 5: employment crisis | Model 6: public safety crisis | Model 7: infectious disease crisis | Model 8: pollution crisis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | Robust S.E. | Coefficient | Robust S.E. | Coefficient | Robust S.E. | Coefficient | Robust S.E. | |
Neighbourhood population density | − 0.005*** | (0.001) | − 0.004*** | (0.001) | −0.004* | (0.002) | 0.001* | (0.000) |
Average annual income of registered community residents | 0.068 | (0.144) | 0.088 | (0.148) | 0.039 | (0.166) | 0.071 | (0.147) |
The presence/absence of sources of pollution (ref: yes) | −0.372** | (0.152) | −0.556** | (0.224) | −0.419* | (0.219) | −1.219*** | (0.311) |
The presence/absence of parks (ref: no) | 0.250 | (0.198) | 0.088 | (0.215) | 0.194 | (0.216) | 0.416* | (0.227) |
The presence/absence of healthcare facilities (ref: no) | 0.128 | (0.330) | 0.030 | (0.358) | 0.470 | (0.351) | 0.547 | (0.361) |
The presence/absence of banking facilities (ref: no) | 0.316 | (0.194) | 0.466* | (0.250) | 0.201 | (0.239) | −0.318 | (0.287) |
Individual-level variables | ||||||||
Subjective well-being | −0.093*** | (0.018) | −0.074*** | (0.024) | −0.046** | (0.022) | −0.035* | (0.020) |
Quality of life compared to neighbours | −0.048 | (0.068) | 0.092 | (0.074) | −0.015 | (0.067) | −0.010 | (0.056) |
Subjective social status | −0.085*** | (0.028) | −0.052 | (0.032) | −0.019 | (0.030) | −0.075*** | (0.029) |
Personal sense of neighbourhood security | −0.129 | (0.082) | −0.376*** | (0.121) | −0.250*** | (0.088) | −0.326*** | (0.068) |
Social trust of neighbours | −0.035 | (0.069) | −0.025 | (0.104) | −0.102 | (0.082) | −0.032 | (0.058) |
(log) Annual personal income | 0.023 | (0.017) | 0.014 | (0.019) | 0.014 | (0.021) | 0.005 | (0.014) |
Level of education | −0.034 | (0.032) | 0.029 | (0.037) | 0.089** | (0.037) | 0.128*** | (0.030) |
Female (ref: male) | −0.244*** | (0.089) | 0.041 | (0.100) | 0.065 | (0.082) | −0.146** | (0.074) |
Age | −0.005 | (0.004) | 0.000 | (0.004) | 0.001 | (0.004) | −0.002 | (0.004) |
Married status (ref: single) | ||||||||
Married | −0.063 | (0.140) | −0.384** | (0.174) | −0.249 | (0.160) | 0.095 | (0.149) |
Divorced or widowed | 0.016 | (0.260) | −0.391 | (0.322) | −0.265 | (0.290) | 0.161 | (0.244) |
Job type (ref: government department) | ||||||||
Business employee | 0.339 | (0.248) | −0.154 | (0.305) | 0.434 | (0.295) | 0.190 | (0.217) |
Self-employed and other | − 0.257 | (0.243) | −0.222 | (0.297) | 0.317 | (0.291) | 0.150 | (0.235) |
cut1 | −1.218* | (0.675) | −0.344 | (0.790) | 0.868 | (0.676) | −0.622 | (0.703) |
cut2 | −0.084 | (0.694) | 2.272*** | (0.829) | 3.091*** | (0.699) | 0.613 | (0.709) |
cut3 | 1.343* | (0.696) | 4.696*** | (0.916) | 5.320*** | (0.700) | 2.425*** | (0.725) |
County-level variance | 0.564*** | (0.213) | 0.314 | (0.217) | 0.668*** | (0.228) | 0.520 | (0.448) |
Neighbourhood-level variance | 0.377** | (0.180) | 0.981*** | (0.261) | 0.672*** | (0.181) | 1.388*** | (0.434) |
Number of counties | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||
Number of neighbourhoods | 168 | 168 | 168 | 168 | ||||
Number of individuals | 5369 | 5369 | 5369 | 5369 | ||||
Log likelihood | − 4013.412 | − 2167.552 | − 2650.853 | − 4104.908 | ||||
Chi-squared | 233.215 | 60.361 | 56.559 | 144.296 |