Factors associated with sarcopenia screened by finger-circle test among middle-aged and older adults: a population-based multisite cross-sectional survey in Japan

Table 1 Participant characteristics in mail and face-to-face surveys

	Mail survey ^a		Face-to-face
	Settsu City (n = 5300)	Hannan City (n = 4037)	Settsu City (n = 525)
Age [years] ^b	62.8 (12.5)	63.5 (12.2)	70.6 (9.9)
Women [n (%)] ^c	2496 (47.1)	1965 (48.7)	436 (83.0)
BMI [kg/m²] ^b	23.2 (3.6)	23.1 (3.8)	22.5 (3.2)
Alcohol drinker [n (%)] ^c	3844 (72.5)	2836 (70.3)	312 (59.4)
Current smoker [n (%)] ^c	1045 (19.7)	581 (14.4)	18 (3.4)
Living alone [n (%)] ^c	694 (13.1)	477 (11.8)	131 (25.0)
High socioeconomic status [n (%)] ^c	2819 (53.2)	2386 (59.1)	385 (73.3)
Poor self-reported health [n (%)] ^c	1027 (19.4)	595 (14.7)	85 (16.2)
Poor self-reported PF [n (%)] ^c	2553 (48.2)	1707 (42.3)	256 (48.8)
Exercise habits per week [n (%)] ^c	2813 (53.1)	2265 (56.1)	129 (24.6)
Poor mastication [n (%)] ^c	1035 (19.5)	653 (16.2)	79 (15.0)
Number of meals ≥3 times [n (%)] ^c	4548 (85.8)	3588 (88.9)	493 (93.9)
Poor sleep status [n (%)] ^c	1428 (26.9)	912 (22.6)	111 (21.1)
Poor short cognitive ability [n (%)] ^c	446 (8.4)	277 (6.9)	57 (10.9)
Slow gait speed [n (%)] ^c	1840 (34.7)	1294 (32.1)	238 (45.3)

BMI body mass index, PF physical fitness
^aData for participants with missing values in mail survey were imputed using multiple imputation (n = [n in Settsu City] and [n in Hannan City]): BMI (n = 208 and 210), alcohol status (n = 28 and 8), smoking status y (n = 73 and 6), family structure (n = 141 and 8), socioeconomic status (n = 126 and 143), self-reported health (n = 83 and 107), self-reported physical fitness (n = 82 and 109), exercise habits (n = 91 and 106), mastication (n = 67 and 114), number of meals (n = 37 and 173), sleep status (n = 80 and 109), cognitive status (n = 98 and 106), and gait speed (n = 93 and 110)
^bContinuous variables were shown in mean (standard deviation)
^cCategory variables were shown in the number of people (%)

ISSN: 1471-2458