Table 4 Risk Ratios for conduct problems by putative risk factors

Receives free school meals

1.35 (1.05–1.65)

1.32 (1.01–1.63)

1.09 (0.93–1.25)

1.09 (0.89–1.30)

1.12 (0.98–1.26)

1.14 (0.95–1.33)

Experienced Racial Discrimination

1.88 (1.51–2.25)

1.95 (1.59–2.31)

1.70 (1.52–1.88)

1.84 (1.59–2.08)

1.50 (1.37–1.63)

1.62 (1.44–1.80)

*A few troublesome friends

1.91 (1.57–2.26)

1.82 (1.47–2.16)

1.68 (1.40–1.96)

1.82 (1.46–2.18)

1.91 (1.67–2.14)

2.09 (1.86–2.31)

*Many or all troublesome friends

4.81 (3.68–5.94)

4.80 (3.75–5.85)

3.13 (2.63–3.64)

4.00 (3.24–4.76)

3.13 (2.70–3.57)

3.99 (3.29–4.69)

*Parental High Control

1.49 (1.23–1.75)

1.48 (1.21–1.75)

1.25 (1.12–1.38)

1.26 (1.07–1.44)

1.17 (1.03–1.30)

1.21 (1.05–1.37)

*Parental Low Care

1.89 (1.52–2.26)

1.99 (1.59–2.40)

1.44 (1.27–1.60)

1.52 (1.33–1.72)

1.58 (1.41–1.76)

1.69 (1.45–1.92)