Higher maternal BMI early in pregnancy is associated with overweight and obesity in young adult offspring in Thailand

Table 4 The unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) of obesity and overweight/obesity in the young adult offspring at a mean age of 20.6 years in association with maternal body mass index (BMI) status early in pregnancy

	OFFSPRING BMI STATUS
	Overweight/obesity		Obesity
MATERNAL BMI STATUS	Unadjusted OR	Adjusted OR	Unadjusted OR	Adjusted OR
Overweight/obesity vs Underweight	12.90 (3.57, 46.60)****	14.70 (3.95, 54.71)****	10.84 (1.31, 89.83)*	16.95 (1.96, 146.38)*
Overweight/obesity vs Normal weight	3.55 (1.95, 6.47)****	3.91 (2.10, 7.28)****	3.47 (1.48, 8.14)**	4.57 (1.86, 11.26)***
Normal weight vs Underweight	3.63 (1.11, 11.88)*	3.76 (1.14, 12.40)*	3.13 (0.42, 23.47)	3.70 (0.49, 28.06)

Data are the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with the respective 95% confidence intervals. Adjusted models accounted for gestational age, birth order, and sex
Underweight, BMI < 18.5 kg/m²; normal weight, BMI 18.5–24.99 kg/m²; and overweight/obesity, BMI ≥25.0 kg/m²
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001 for pairwise comparisons

ISSN: 1471-2458