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Table 5 Results from the generalized linear model to predict the direct specific medical costs (EUR) by self-reported mental distress, controlled for socio-demographic characteristics of the sample

From: Socio-economic consequences of mental distress: quantifying the impact of self-reported mental distress on the days of incapacity to work and medical costs in a two-year period: a longitudinal study in Germany

 

Specific costs in the first year

Specific costs in the second year

M

95% CI

Exp(B)

95% CI

p-value

M

95% CI

Exp(B)

95% CI

p-value

Constant

   

93.72

67.94

129.28

< .001

   

132.74

96.86

181.92

< .001

Gender

 Malea

595.4

395.2

897.1

1.00

   

397.7

259.9

608.6

1.00

   

 Female

721.4

395.2

897.1

1.21

0.96

1.53

.107

564.9

384.7

608.6

1.42

1.12

1.80

.004

Age groups

 18–33 yearsa

687.6

458.6

1030.8

1.00

   

464.9

304.7

709.4

1.00

   

 34–49 years

641.7

439.5

937.0

0.93

0.76

1.15

.515

444.9

298.7

662.6

0.96

0.78

1.17

.673

 50–65 years

638.0

443.2

918.6

0.93

0.75

1.14

.484

514.8

349.6

758.1

1.11

0.90

1.36

.330

Marital status

 Marrieda

531.9

367.8

769.2

1.00

   

414.7

280.7

612.7

1.00

   

 Not married

807.5

552.8

1179.6

1.52

1.31

1.76

< .001

541.7

363.4

807.5

1.31

1.13

1.52

< .001

Years of school education

 13 years (A-Level)a

492.3

334.1

725.4

1.00

   

474.3

315.0

714.1

1.00

   

 10 years

648.7

449.0

937.3

1.89

1.04

1.40

.001

487.7

328.0

725.1

1.03

0.87

1.22

.753

 9 years

619.4

423.4

906.2

1.26

1.23

1.79

.029

541.4

360.9

812.2

1.14

0.94

1.39

.187

 No school-leaving certificate

932.6

573.7

1516.1

1.32

1.10

1.58

.003

403.0

238.8

680.2

0.85

0.55

1.31

.464

Employment Status

 Employeda

531.1

458.9

614.7

1.00

   

409.7

350.6

478.7

1.00

   

 Unemployed

808.7

402.3

1625.8

1.52

0.76

3.05

.234

548.4

259.3

1159.7

1.34

0.63

2.85

.448

Mental distress category (HADS)

 No casea

199.0

134.8

293.9

1.00

   

213.1

142.2

319.5

1.00

   

 Mild case

433.6

291.8

644.3

2.18

1.80

2.64

< .001

271.6

179.0

412.2

1.27

1.06

1.53

.010

 Moderate case

940.9

647.1

1368.0

4.73

3.97

5.63

< .001

661.1

445.5

980.9

3.10

2.63

3.66

< .001

 Severe case

2272.3

1521.0

3394.6

11.42

8.90

14.66

< .001

1318.9

858.7

2026.0

6.19

4.79

7.99

< .001

  1. Note. N = 2.287. t0 assessment of predictor variables, M Mean specific direct costs in Euro per person and year, CI 95% confidence interval, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. areference category. Method = log-link function, Tweedie-distribution of residuals