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Table 3 Associations between all influential factors and sleep disorders in two groups of models with the family social capital (FSC) and community/society social capital (CSC) as the main predictor variable separately

From: Social capital and sleep disorders in Tibet, China

Characteristic

FSC as the main predictor variable

CSC as the main predictor variable

Overall

Male

Female

Overall

Male

Female

FSC

0.95 (0.91, 0.98)*

0.95 (0.90, 1.01)

0.94 (0.90, 0.99)*

–

–

–

CSC

–

–

–

0.98 (0.94, 1.02)

1.01 (0.94, 1.08)

0.96 (0.91, 1.01)

Age (year)

1.02 (1.00, 1.03)*

1.02 (1.00, 1.04)

1.02 (1.00, 1.03)*

1.02 (1.00, 1.03)*

1.02 (1.00, 1.04)

1.02 (1.00, 1.03)

Sex

 Male

1.00 (ref.)

–

–

1.00 (ref.)

–

–

 Female

1.6 (1.32, 1.95)***

–

–

1.60 (1.32, 1.95)***

–

–

Hukou

 Urban

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 Rural

0.71 (0.55, 0.93)*

0.59 (0.37, 0.93)*

0.78 (0.56, 1.08)

0.72 (0.55, 0.93)*

0.59 (0.37, 0.93)*

0.80 (0.57, 1.11)

Marital status

 Unmarried

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 Separated/divorced/widowed

3.29 (1.76, 6.17)***

2.60 (0.80, 8.4)

3.38 (1.57, 7.26)

3.18 (1.70, 5.96)***

2.52 (0.78, 8.10)

3.29 (1.53, 7.08)***

 Married/cohabitation

2.84 (1.58, 5.09)***

2.70 (0.99, 7.34)

2.79 (1.35, 5.76)*

2.73 (1.53, 4.89)***

2.59 (0.96, 7.00)

2.70 (1.31, 5.57)*

Educational level

 No formal

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 Primary school

0.83 (0.69, 1.00)

0.87 (0.64, 1.17)

0.82 (0.64, 1.03)

0.83 (0.69, 1.00)

0.86 (0.64, 1.16)

0.81 (0.64, 1.03)

 Junior high school or above

0.77 (0.55, 1.08)

0.85 (0.53, 1.38)

0.73 (0.45, 1.21)

0.77 (0.55, 1.08)

0.86 (0.53, 1.38)

0.73 (0.45, 1.21)

Annual household income (Chinese yuan)

  < 12,000

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 12,000-59,999

0.84 (0.7, 1.02)

0.79 (0.57, 1.11)

0.88 (0.69, 1.11)

0.84 (0.70, 1.02)

0.78 (0.56, 1.09)

0.88 (0.69, 1.11)

 60,000-99,999

0.92 (0.67, 1.26)

0.73 (0.43, 1.24)

1.06 (0.70, 1.59)

0.92 (0.67, 1.26)

0.73 (0.43, 1.25)

1.05 (0.70, 1.58)

  > 100,000

0.95 (0.67, 1.35)

0.75 (0.43, 1.30)

1.14 (0.72, 1.80)

0.96 (0.68, 1.36)

0.75 (0.43, 1.31)

1.15 (0.73, 1.82)

Occupation

 Peasant

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 Employed

1.00 (0.72, 1.37)

0.85 (0.54, 1.32)

1.15 (0.71, 1.85)

1.00 (0.73, 1.38)

0.86 (0.55, 1.35)

1.13 (0.70, 1.82)

 Unemployed

0.88 (0.68, 1.15)

0.71 (0.47, 1.07)

0.99 (0.70, 1.4)

0.88 (0.68, 1.15)

0.71 (0.47, 1.08)

0.99 (0.70, 1.40)

 Retired

1.36 (0.89, 2.09)

1.35 (0.71, 2.54)

1.17 (0.65, 2.11)

1.39 (0.91, 2.12)

1.37 (0.73, 2.58)

1.19 (0.66, 2.14)

Commercial insurance status

 No

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 Yes

1.77 (1.17, 2.69)*

1.41 (0.71, 2.80)

2.09 (1.22, 3.57)*

1.75 (1.15, 2.65)*

1.37 (0.69, 2.72)

2.07 (1.21, 3.54)*

Smoking status

 Never

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 Former

1.00 (0.71, 1.40)

1.03 (0.71, 1.50)

0.97 (0.40, 2.35)

1.02 (0.72, 1.43)

1.05 (0.72, 1.53)

0.99 (0.41, 2.40)

 Current

0.76 (0.59, 0.98)*

0.83 (0.60, 1.14)

0.61 (0.38, 0.97)*

0.76 (0.59, 0.99)*

0.83 (0.60, 1.14)

0.60 (0.38, 0.96)*

Drinking status

 Never

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 Former

1.08 (0.68, 1.73)

1.41 (0.75, 2.68)

0.81 (0.41, 1.6)

1.10 (0.69, 1.75)

1.43 (0.76, 2.71)

0.80 (0.41, 1.58)

 Current

0.73 (0.53, 0.99)*

0.77 (0.53, 1.11)

0.65 (0.37, 1.15)

0.73 (0.54, 1.00)

0.77 (0.53, 1.12)

0.66 (0.37, 1.16)

Body mass index

  < 24

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

  [24,28)

0.84 (0.69, 1.02)

0.75 (0.55, 1.04)

0.90 (0.70, 1.16)

0.84 (0.69, 1.02)

0.76 (0.55, 1.05)

0.89 (0.69, 1.15)

  ≥ 28

1.02 (0.80, 1.30)

0.78 (0.51, 1.19)

1.20 (0.88, 1.63)

1.03 (0.80, 1.31)

0.79 (0.52, 1.21)

1.20 (0.88, 1.63)

History of hypertension

 No

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 Yes

1.09 (0.91, 1.29)

0.96 (0.72, 1.29)

1.17 (0.93, 1.46)

1.09 (0.92, 1.30)

0.96 (0.72, 1.29)

1.18 (0.94, 1.47)

History of diabetes

 No

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 Yes

1.05 (0.68, 1.61)

1.30 (0.71, 2.36)

0.90 (0.48, 1.66)

1.04 (0.68, 1.59)

1.27 (0.7, 2.32)

0.9 (0.48, 1.67)

Depression

 No

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 Yes

1.98 (1.09, 3.58)*

2.34 (0.85, 6.47)

1.83 (0.88, 3.84)

1.94 (1.07, 3.50)*

2.29 (0.83, 6.34)

1.79 (0.86, 3.73)

Anxiety

 No

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 Yes

2.16 (1.23, 3.80)*

1.51 (0.46, 4.89)

2.45 (1.27, 4.74)*

2.17 (1.24, 3.81)*

1.53 (0.47, 4.97)

2.44 (1.27, 4.72)*

  1. Bolden numbers indicate statistical significance (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001)