Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants and their crude associations with sleep disorders
| Variables | Mean ± SD or Number (percentage, %) | p-value | Odds ratio | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall (n = 3194) |
With sleep disorders (n = 1271) |
Without sleep disorders (n = 1923) | |||
| Age (year) | 59.1 ± 7.2 | 59.7 ± 7.2 | 58.6 ± 7.2 | p < 0.001 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03)*** |
| Sex | p < 0.001 | ||||
| Male | 1308 (41.0) | 411 (32.3) | 897 (46.6) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Female | 1886 (59.0) | 860 (67.7) | 1026 (53.4) | 1.83 (1.58, 2.12)*** | |
| Hukou | p < 0.001 | ||||
| Urban | 486 (15.2) | 262 (20.6) | 224 (11.6) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Rural | 2708 (84.8) | 1009 (79.4) | 1699 (88.4) | 0.51 (0.42, 0.62)*** | |
| Marital status | p < 0.001 | ||||
| Unmarried | 83 (2.6) | 21 (1.7) | 62 (3.2) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 344 (10.8) | 165 (13.0) | 179 (9.3) | 2.72 (1.59,4.66)*** | |
| Married/cohabitation | 2767 (86.6) | 1085 (85.4) | 1682 (87.5) | 1.90 (1.15, 3.14)* | |
| Educational level | p < 0.001 | ||||
| No formal | 1997 (62.5) | 850 (66.9) | 1147 (59.6) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Primary school | 972 (30.4) | 330 (26.0) | 642 (33.4) | 0.69 (0.59, 0.81)*** | |
| Junior high school or above | 225 (7.0) | 91 (7.2) | 134 (7.0) | 0.92 (0.69, 1.21) | |
| Annual household income (Chinese yuan) | p < 0.05 | ||||
| < 12,000 | 824 (25.8) | 339 (26.7) | 485 (25.2) | p < 0.05 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| 12,000-59,999 | 1864 (58.4) | 701 (55.2) | 1163 (60.5) | 0.86 (0.73, 1.02) | |
| 60,000-99,999 | 258 (8.1) | 116 (9.1) | 142 (7.4) | 1.17 (0.88, 1.55) | |
| > 100,000 | 245 (7.7) | 114 (9.0) | 131 (6.8) | 1.25 (0.93, 1.66) | |
| Occupation | p < 0.001 | ||||
| Peasant | 339 (10.6) | 131 (10.3) | 208 (10.8) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Employed | 543 (17.0) | 192 (15.1) | 351 (18.3) | 0.87 (0.66, 1.15) | |
| Unemployed | 2031 (63.6) | 795 (62.6) | 1236 (64.3) | 1.02 (0.81, 1.29) | |
| Retired | 279 (8.7) | 151 (11.9) | 128 (6.7) | 1.87 (1.36, 2.58)** | |
| Commercial insurance status | p < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 3076 (96.4) | 1205 (95.0) | 1871 (97.3) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Yes | 116 (3.6) | 64 (5.0) | 52 (2.7) | 1.91 (1.32, 2.78)* | |
| Smoking status | p < 0.001 | ||||
| Never | 2450 (76.7) | 1047 (82.4) | 1403 (73.0) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Former | 221 (6.9) | 75 (5.9) | 146 (7.6) | 0.69 (0.52, 0.92)* | |
| Current | 522 (16.3) | 149 (11.7) | 373 (19.4) | 0.54 (0.44, 0.66)** | |
| Drinking status | p < 0.001 | ||||
| Never | 2816 (88.2) | 1155 (90.9) | 1661 (86.4) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Former | 91 (2.8) | 42 (3.3) | 49 (2.5) | 1.23 (0.81, 1.87) | |
| Current | 286 (9.0) | 74 (5.8) | 212 (11.0) | 0.50 (0.38, 0.66)** | |
| Body mass index | p < 0.001 | ||||
| < 24 | 626 (22.9) | 272 (23.9) | 354 (22.1) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| [24,28) | 1569 (57.3) | 609 (53.6) | 960 (60.0) | 0.83 (0.68, 1.00)* | |
| ≥ 28 | 542 (19.8) | 255 (22.4) | 287 (17.9) | 1.16 (0.92, 1.46) | |
| History of hypertension | 0.24 | ||||
| No | 2192 (69.7) | 857 (67.4) | 1335 (69.5) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Yes | 1001 (31.3) | 414 (32.6) | 587 (30.5) | 1.10 (0.94, 1.28) | |
| History of diabetes | 0.49 | ||||
| No | 3080 (96.5) | 1222 (96.1) | 1858 (96.7) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Yes | 113 (3.5) | 49 (3.9) | 64 (3.3) | 1.16 (0.80, 1.70) | |
| Depression | p < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 3110 (97.6) | 1219 (95.9) | 1891 (98.6) | p < 0.001 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes | 78 (2.4) | 52 (4.1) | 26 (1.4) | 3.10 (1.93, 5.00)** | |
| Anxiety | p < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 3104 (97.4) | 1214 (95.5) | 1890 (98.6) | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Yes | 84 (2.6) | 57 (4.5) | 27 (1.4) | 3.29 (2.07, 5.22)** | |
| Family social capital | 8.1 ± 2.1 | 8.1 ± 2.2 | 8.2 ± 2.0 | 0.42 | 0.97 (0.93, 1.00)* |
| Community/Society social capital | 10.1 ± 2.0 | 10.0 ± 2.0 | 10.1 ± 2.0 | 0.64 | 0.98 (0.94, 1.01) |