Relationship between dietary carbohydrate quality index and metabolic syndrome among type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects: a case-control study from Ghana

Table 6 Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) MetS according to tertiles (Ts) of sex-specific energy-adjusted CQI indices

CQI	T1	T2	T3	P for Trend
No. of cases/controls	53/22	6/22	3/18
Median	12.0	15.0	17.0
Range	(7.0–12.0)	(13.0–15.0)	(16.0–20)
OR (95% CI)
Model 1	1.00 (Ref)	0.11(0.04–0.32)	0.07(0.02–0.26)	< 0.001
p		< 0.001	< 0.001
Model 2	1.00 (Ref)	0.13(0.04–0.42)	0.05(0.01–0.23)	< 0.001
p		0.001	< 0.001

CQI, PSR, ∑ω-3/∑ω-6, h/H, AI, TI and LI were categorized into tertiles according to the distribution of the control group
For overall subjects, [CQI: T1(6.0–10.0); T2 (11.0–14.0); T3 (15.0–20.0)
OR Odds ratios, CI Confidence interval, CQI Carbohydrate quality index
Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex and duration of type 2 diabetes; Model 2: Further adjusted for BMI, energy, physical activity, education
To test for a trend across the sex-specific energy-adjusted CQI, the median for each tertile was used as a continuous variable

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