Table 5 Linear regression analysis for cardiovascular risk factors across tertile (T) categories of sex-specific energy-adjusted CQI^a (n = 124)

No. of cases/controls

53/22

6/22

3/18

CQI, median (g/d)

12.0

15.0

17.0

 Body mass index (kg/m²)

Reference^b

−4.25 (1.67)

−1.06 (1.87)

0.1

 Waist circumference (cm)

Reference

−17.09 (3.88)

−17.96 (4.35)

< 0.001

 Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

Reference

−9.86 (4.22)

−16.09 (4.74)

< 0.001

 Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

Reference

−4.22 (2.65)

−7.62 (2.97)

0.007

 Blood glucose (mmol/l)

Reference

0.02 (0.68)

−1.16 (0.77)

0.2

 Total Cholesterol (mmol/l)

Reference

−0.12 (0.22)

−0.13 (0.24)

0.5

 Serum triglycerides (mmol/l)

Reference

−0.41 (0.11)

−0.45 (0.12)

< 0.001

 HDL-C (mmol/l)

Reference

0.46 (0.18)

0.23 (0.20)

0.009

 LDL-C (mmol/l)

Reference

− 0.14 (0.04)

− 0.08 (0.05)

0.3

 LDL-C/HDL-C

Reference

0.21 (0.18)

0.14 (0.20)

0.050

 Body mass index (kg/m²)

Reference

−3.75 (1.55)

−0.71 (1.73)

0.2

 Waist circumference (cm)

Reference

−13.43 (3.67)

−17.29 (4.00)

< 0.001

 Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

Reference

−7.46 (4.31)

−15.74 (4.69)

0.001

 Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

Reference

−3.03 (2.73)

−7.23 (2.97)

0.02

 Blood glucose (mmol/l)

Reference

0.01 (0.72)

−1.18 (0.79)

0.2

 Serum triglycerides (mmol/l)

Reference

−0.31 (0.10)

−0.43 (0.11)

< 0.001

 HDL-C (mmol/l)

Reference

0.55 (0.19)

0.24 (0.20)

0.01

 LDL-C (mmol/l)

Reference

−0.15 (0.04)

−0.07 (0.05)

0.2

 LDL-C/HDL-C

Reference

0.28 (0.19)

0.14 (0.20)

0.04