Table 2 Sociodemographic characteristics and diabetes among ALHIV 25 years and older by survey year for 2005, 2008 and 2017 in South Africa

Overall

34 (3.3%)

907 (96.7%)

29 (2.8%)

937 (97.2%)

87 (3.2%)

2242 (96.8%)

 Female

22 (2.5%)

614 (97.5%)

0.198

26 (3.5%)

645 (96.5%)

0.227

63 (3.6%)

1592 (96.4%)

0.208

 Male

12 (4.5%)

293 (95.5%)

3 (1.5%)

292 (98.5%)

24 (2.5%)

650 (97.5%)

 Median (IQR)

35 (29–44)

34 (29–40)

47 (37–53)

34 (29–40)

49 (42–57)

37 (32–46)

 25–34 years

10 (3.1%)

415 (96.9%)

0.866

5 (1.1%)

411 (98.9%)

< 0.001

4 (0.7%)

804 (99.3%)

< 0.001

 35–44 years

12 (3.1%)

312 (96.9%)

9 (2.2%)

317 (97.8%)

21 (2.8%)

710 (97.2%)

 45+ years

12 (4.1%)

180 (95.9%)

15 (9.2%)

209 (90.8%)

62 (6.8%)

728 (93.2%)

 Non-Black African

3 (0.9%)

76 (99.1%)

0.030

3 (8.0%)

55 (92.0%)

0.103

10 (5.6%)

183 (94.4%)

0.184

 Black African

31 (3.3%)

830 (96.7%)

26 (2.7%)

882 (97.3%)

77 (3.1%)

2059 (96.9%)

 Never married

11 (3.2%)

465 (96.8%)

0.944

11 (2.0%)

566 (98.0%)

0.097

38 (2.8%)

1441 (97.2%)

0.250

 Ever married

23 (3.3%)

438 (96.7%)

18 (4.5%)

368 (95.5%)

49 (3.9%)

801 (96.1%)

 None or Primary

12 (3.0%)

370 (97.0%)

0.915

12 (4.5%)

318 (95.5%)

0.157

34 (7.1%)

509 (92.9%)

< 0.001

 Secondary and above

22 (3.5%)

535 (96.5%)

16 (2.2%)

614 (97.9%)

37 (1.7%)

1416 (98.3%)

 Unemployed

17 (3.0%)

501 (97.0%)

0.915

17 (2.4%)

460 (97.6%)

0.528

56 (3.4%)

1394 (96.6%)

0.582

 Employed

13 (3.7%)

317 (96.3%)

9 (2.9%)

370 (97.1%)

29 (3.0%)

788 (97.0%)

 Other (incl. Old age pensioner. Sick/disabled and unable to work)

4 (3.4%)

85 (96.6%)

3 (5.0%)

106 (95.0%)

2 (1.4%)

58 (98.6%)

 Urban formal

18 (4.2%)

361 (95.8%)

0.271

11 (3.1%)

359 (96.9%)

0.797

56 (3.5%)

1209 (96.5%)

0.241

 Urban informal

10 (4.8%)

203 (95.2%)

6 (2.0%)

231 (98.0%)

 Tribal area/Rural informal

6 (2.1%)

261 (97.9%)

9 (2.5%)

255 (97.53%)

24 (2.8%)

711 (97.2%)

 Rural formal

0 (0.0%)

82 (100%)

3 (4.6%)

92 (95.4%)

7 (1.4%)

322 (98.6%)

 No risk

22 (3.4%)

623 (96.7%)

0.040

22 (3.2%)

625 (96.8%)

0.679

62 (3.2%)

1559 (96.9%)

0.548

 Low risk

5 (1.1%)

191 (98.9%)

5 (1.9%)

201 (98.1)

19 (3.0%)

472 (97.0%)

 Medium risk

6 (9.6%)

57 (90.4%)

0 (0.0%)

68 (100%)

4 (5.3%)

146 (94.7%)

 High risk

0 (0.0%)

12 (100%)

1 (2.4%)

15 (97.6%)

1 (0.2%)

30 (99.8%)

 Addiction likely

1 (6.0%)

11 (94.0%)

0 (0.0%)

13 (100%)

0 (0.0%)

29 (100%)

 ARV exposed

56 (3.2%)

1331 (96.8%)

0.675

 ARV naive

26 (3.3%)

680 (96.7%)

 Viral load suppressed

 Yes

56 (3.0%)

1430 (97.0%)

0.392

 No

30 (3.5%)

790 (96.5%)

 Excellent

1 (1.5%)

92 (98.5%)

0.001

1 (0.9%)

165 (99.1%)

0.031

6 (1.2%)

406 (98.8%)

< 0.001

 Good

14 (1.8%)

537 (98.2%)

10 (2.0%)

481 (98.0%)

42 (2.6%)

1278 (97.5%)

 Fair

15 (8.4%)

214 (91.6%)

15 (6.2%)

223 (93.8%)

22 (4.1%)

457 (95.9%)

 Poor

4 (3.9%)

62 (96.1%)

3 (2.7%)

67 (97.3%)

17 (13.9%)

99 (86.1%)

 Yes

20 (15.6%)

103 (84.4%)

< 0.001

17 (16.1%)

88 (83.9%)

< 0.001

49 (11.3%)

322 (88.7%)

< 0.001

 No

14 (1.6%)

804 (98.4%)

10 (1.4%)

849 (98.7%)

35 (1.7%)

1919 (98.3%)

 Yes

5 (22.1%)

15 (77.9%)

< 0.001

4 (5.5%)

44 (94.5%)

0.298

 No

23 (2.4%)

920 (97.6%)

83 (3.1%)

2188 (96.9%)

 Yes

3 (54.5%)

2 (45.5%)

< 0.001

2 (48.7%)

4 (51.3%)

< 0.001

3 (41.5%)

5 (58.5%)

< 0.001

 No

31 (2.9%)

905 (97.1%)

25 (2.3%)

933 (97.7%)

84 (3.1%)

2230 (96.9%)

 Yes

19 (5.0%)

376 (95.0%)

0.061

3 (8.9%)

33 (91.1%)

0.053

25 (3.4%)

615 (96.6%)

0.789

 No

15 (2.1%)

527 (97.9%)

24 (2.3%)

902 (97.7%)

62 (3.1%)

1627 (96.9%)

 Yes

4 (7.4%)

57 (92.6%)

0.134

4 (7.1%)

45 (92.9%)

0.116

8 (5.9%)

68 (94.1%)

0.142

 No

30 (3.0%)

850 (97.0%)

24 (2.5%)

892 (95.5%)

79 (3.1%)

2168 (96.9%)

 Public

28 (3.2%)

753 (96.8%)

0.559

21 (2.3%)

719 (97.7%)

0.190

69 (2.8%)

2034 (97.2%)

0.002

 Private

6 (4.4%)

130 (95.6%)

7 (5.1%)

193 (94.9%)

17 (8.1%)

184 (91.9%)