Table 3 Determinants of HIV testing uptake among men ages 15–24, Zambia 2018 (N = 4846)

Age

< 0.001

< 0.001

 15–19

2852

1

1

 20–24

1994

2.98 [2.58–3.45]

1.55 [1.30–1.84]

Education level

< 0.001

< 0.001

 No education

133

1

1

 Primary

1933

0.97 [0.59–1.61]

1.02 [0.68–1.51]

 Secondary

2666

2.13 [1.33–3.40]

1.51 [1.01–2.26]

 Higher

114

3.63 [1.98–6.65]

1.41 [0.74–2.71]

Household wealth quintile

0.001

< 0.001

 Poorest

849

1

1

 Poorer

961

1.16 [0.93–1.44]

1.23 [0.95–1.59]

 Middle

1073

1.49 [1.20–1.86]

1.36 [1.03–1.79]

 Richer

936

1.99 [1.38–2.87]

1.37 [0.99–1.90]

 Richest

1027

1.52 [1.21–1.90]

0.78 [0.53–1.15]

Relationship status

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Never in union

4296

1

1

 Currently in union

514

3.37 [2.60–4.37]

2.46 [1.85–3.28]

 Formerly in union

36

2.21 [0.97–5.04]

1.78 [0.74–4.27]

Residence

< 0.001

0.06

 urban

1812

1

1

 rural

3034

0.66 [0.52–0.83]

0.72 [0.52–1.01]

Region

< 0.001

0.002

 Central

533

1.13 [0.84–1.51]

1.44 [1.00–2.06]

 Copperbelt

558

1

1

 Eastern

574

1.00 [0.74–1.34]

1.41 [0.97–2.05]

 Luapula

530

0.68 [0.50–0.92]

0.96 [0.67–1.38]

 Lusaka

547

1.12 [0.84–1.54]

1.10 [0.79–1.53]

 Muchinga

435

0.51 [0.35–0.76]

0.76 [0.49–1.20]

 Northern

422

0.73 [0.53–1.03]

1.12 [0.77–1.64]

 North western

391

0.84 [0.60–1.17]

0.75 [0.51–1.10]

 Southern

489

1.34 [0.70–2.54]

1.39 [0.75–2.58]

 Western

367

1.27 [0.93–1.73]

1.45 [0.98–2.13]

Ever had sex

< 0.001

0.14

 No

1732

1

1

 Yes

3114

2.62 [2.27–3.01]

1.19 [0.95–1.50]

Number of sexual partners

< 0.001

< 0.001

 None

2384

1

1

 One

1934

2.67 [2.30–3.09]

1.79 [1.41–2.27]

 Two or more

528

2.37 [1.84–3.06]

1.38 [0.99–1.91]

History of STI

0.26

 No

4692

1

–

 Yes

154

1.25 [0.85–1.82]

–

Circumcised

< 0.001

< 0.001

 No

2952

1

1

 Yes

1894

1.72 [1.46–2.02]

1.58 [1.32–1.89]

Reported stigma

< 0.001

< 0.001

 No

517

0.64 [0.50–0.81]

0.65 [0.50–0.84]

 Yes

3765

1

1

 Don’t know

564

0.49 [0.40–0.59]

0.61 [0.49–74]

Discriminatory attitudes

< 0.001

0.02

 No

3401

1

1

 Yes

1445

0.63 [0.53–0.73]

0.80 [0.67–0.97]

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV

< 0.001

0.14

 No

2802

1

1

 Yes

2044

1.46 [1.28–1.66]

1.13 [0.96–1.33]

Owns a mobile phone

< 0.001

0.002

 no

2313

1

 yes

2533

2.47 [2.10–2.89]

1.32 [1.11–1.57]

Use of internet

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Not at all

3709

1

1

 Less than once a week

234

1.78 [1.32–2.39]

1.41 [1.02–1.94]

 At least once a week

457

2.21 [1.69–2.87]

1.53 [1.13–2.08]

 Almost everyday

446

2.62 [2.04–3.37]

1.76 [1.32–2.35]

Exposure to television

< 0.001

0.07

 Not at all

2424

1

1

 Less than once a week

565

1.85 [1.30–2.61]

1.38 [1.05–1.82]

 At least once a week

1857

1.50 [1.29–1.73]

1.08 [0.85–1.38]

Exposure to radio

< 0.001

0.04

 Not at all

1766

1

1

 Less than once a week

697

1.21 [1.00–1.47]

0.86 [0.69–1.07]

 At least once a week

2383

1.40 [1.22–1.59]

1.12 [0.94–1.34]