Table 2 Determinants of HIV testing uptake among non-pregnant women ages 15–24, Zambia 2018 DHS (N = 4198)

Age

< 0.001

< 0.001

 15–19

2484

1

1

 20–24

1714

3.44 [2.98–3.98]

1.74 [1.40–2.15]

Education level

< 0.001

< 0.001

 No education

145

1

1

 Primary

1521

3.00 [1.89–4.75]

3.14 [1.94–5.08]

 Secondary

2418

6.41 [3.98–10.32]

5.52 [3.30–9.25]

 Higher

114

11.49 [5.14–25.68]

6.97 [2.82–17.19]

Household wealth quintile

< 0.001

0.04

 Poorest

719

1

1

 Poorer

730

1.10 [0.88–1.38]

0.99 [0.76–1.29]

 Middle

790

1.37 [1.08–1.74]

1.02 [0.76–1.37]

 Richer

858

2.30 [1.74–3.04]

1.41 [0.96–2.09]

 Richest

1101

1.55 [1.23–1.96]

0.90 [0.59–1.38]

Relationship status

< 0.001

0.04

 Never in union

3185

1

1

 Currently in union

850

2.46 [2.03–2.99]

1.33 [0.99–1.79]

 Formerly in union

163

2.42 [1.58–3.68]

1.70 [1.04–2.78]

Residence

< 0.001

0.23

 Urban

1915

1

1

 Rural

2283

0.64 [0.54–0.76]

0.85 [0.65–1.11]

Region

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Central

445

0.85 [0.62–1.16]

1.10 [0.78–1.54]

 Copperbelt

549

1

1

 Eastern

419

0.72 [0.52–1.01]

1.11 [0.76–1.62]

 Luapula

414

0.45 [0.34–0.60]

0.66 [0.48–0.90]

 Lusaka

560

1.11 [0.82–1.51]

1.00 [0.71–1.40]

 Muchinga

363

0.45 [0.31–0.67]

0.68 [0.47–0.99]

 Northern

371

0.54 [0.37–0.79]

0.90 [0.58–1.41]

 North western

362

0.90 [0.62–1.32]

1.07 [0.73–1.58]

 Southern

406

1.29 [0.91–1.82]

1.44 [0.98–2.11]

 Western

309

1.71 [1.18–2.47]

2.48 [1.63–3.77]

Number of sexual partners

< 0.001

< 0.001

 None

2255

1

1

 One

1861

3.17 [2.72–3.70]

2.13 [1.74–2.61]

 Two or more

82

2.45 [1.37–4.40]

1.61 [0.79–3.31]

History of STI

0.006

0.16

 No

4161

1

1

 Yes

37

4.90 [1.60–15.03]

2.63 [0.68–10.16]

Reported stigma

< 0.001

< 0.001

 No

607

1.08 [0.87–1.34]

1.26 [0.98–1.61]

 Yes

2937

1

1

 Don’t know

654

0.40 [0.32–0.52]

0.55 [0.42–0.72]

Discriminatory attitudes

0.01

0.12

 No

2957

1

1

 Yes

1241

0.80 [0.67–0.95]

1.16 [0.96–1.39]

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV

< 0.001

0.18

 No

2311

1

1

 Yes

1887

1.56 [1.32–1.83]

1.13 [0.95–1.35]

Exposure to television

0.007

0.17

 Not at all

2368

1

1

 Less than once a week

257

0.91 [0.69–1.22]

0.72 [0.51–1.01]

 At least once a week

1573

1.27 [1.07–1.50]

0.88 [0.67–1.16]

Exposure to radio

0.003

0.21

 Not at all

2311

1

1

 Less than once a week

537

0.98 [0.76–1.25]

0.91 [0.69–1.18]

 At least once a week

1350

1.29 [1.09–1.53]

1.13 [0.92–1.40]

Owns a mobile phone

< 0.001

< 0.001

 No

2400

1

1

 Yes

1798

3.17 [2.71–3.70]

1.88 [1.52–2.33]

Use of internet

< 0.001

0.24

 Not at all

3609

1

1

 Less than once a week

100

0.96 [0.60–1.54]

0.60 [0.34–1.05]

 At least once a week

186

2.14 [1.42–3.21]

1.26 [0.80–1.98]

 Almost everyday

303

2.04 [1.55–2.69]

0.98 [0.69–1.40]