Neighborhood farm density, types of agriculture, and depressive symptoms among older farmers: a cross-sectional study

Kanamori, Mariko; Hanazato, Masamichi; Kondo, Katsunori; Stickley, Andrew; Kondo, Naoki

doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10469-6

Table 3 Prevalence ratios [95% confidence intervals] of depressive symptoms among women: the results of a multilevel analysis

From: Neighborhood farm density, types of agriculture, and depressive symptoms among older farmers: a cross-sectional study

	Null	Model 1		Model 2
Animal husbandry farm density^a		1.02	[0.99,1.05]	1.02	[0.99,1.05]
Crop farm density^a		0.97	[0.94,1.00]	0.97	[0.94,1.00]
Population density quintile (ref. highest)
High		1.01	[0.97,1.06]	1.01	[0.97,1.06]
Middle		1.06	[1.01,1.11]	1.06	[1.01,1.11]
Low		1.04	[0.96,1.14]	1.04	[0.96,1.13]
Lowest		1.07	[0.98,1.15]	1.07	[0.98,1.15]
Area (ref. Tokai)
Hokkaido		1.05	[0.85,1.28]	1.05	[0.85,1.29]
Tohoku		1.39	[1.19,1.64]	1.39	[1.19,1.63]
Hokuriku		1.19	[1.07,1.33]	1.19	[1.07,1.33]
Kanto and higashiyama		1.15	[1.06,1.25]	1.15	[1.06,1.25]
Kinki		1.11	[1.01,1.21]	1.11	[1.01,1.21]
Kyushu		1.14	[0.93,1.39]	1.14	[0.93,1.39]
Daylight hours tertile (ref. short)
Middle		1.01	[0.94,1.09]	1.01	[0.94,1.09]
Long		1.06	[0.96,1.17]	1.06	[0.96,1.17]
Amount of rainfall^a		1.02	[0.98,1.06]	1.02	[0.98,1.06]
Mean slope angle^a		0.98	[0.96,1.00]	0.98	[0.96,1.00]
Individual-level factors
Age (ref. 65–74)
75–84		1.02	[0.98,1.06]	1.02	[0.98,1.06]
> = 85		1.30	[1.22,1.39]	1.30	[1.22,1.39]
Education: > 9 years (Ref. <=9 years)		1.24	[1.20,1.29]	1.24	[1.20,1.28]
Equivalized household income tertile (Ref. high)
Middle		1.49	[1.43,1.54]	1.49	[1.43,1.55]
Low		2.09	[1.98,2.19]	2.09	[1.98,2.19]
Living alone: yes (ref. no)		1.13	[1.07,1.20]	1.13	[1.07,1.20]
Having spouse: no (ref: yes)		1.14	[1.11,1.18]	1.14	[1.11,1.18]
Longest occupation: farmer (ref: non-farmer)		1.07	[0.97,1.18]	1.11	[0.96,1.30]
Farmer x animal husbandry farm density		0.98	[0.92,1.04]
Farmer x crop farm density				0.94	[0.85,1.05]
Random-effect part of the model (contextual effects)
Between municipality variance^b	0.023 (0.006)	0.006 (0.002)		0.006 (0.002)
Median Rate Ratio	1.16	1.08		1.08
Between neighborhood variance^b	0.000 (0.000)	0.000 (0.000)		0.000 (0.000)
Median Rate Ratio	1.00	1.00		1.00

^aPer 1 standard deviation unit increase in population
^bStandard error in parentheses

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcpublichealth@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: ORSupport@springernature.com

BMC Public Health

Contact us