Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the study participants with the prevalence of depressive symptoms
| Â | Total | Men | Women |
|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Number of participants (prevalence of depressive symptoms (%)) | ||
Individual-level variables | |||
 Age | |||
  65–74 | 86,815 (15.8) | 42,005 (16.4) | 44,810 (15.2) |
  75–84 | 51,792 (18.1) | 24,757 (18.3) | 27,035 (17.9) |
   > =85 | 8942 (23.6) | 4226 (22.6) | 4716 (24.5) |
 Education | |||
   < =9 years | 46,205 (21.9) | 20,229 (23.4) | 25,976 (20.8) |
   >  9 years | 99,621 (14.7) | 50,120 (14.9) | 49,501 (14.5) |
  Missing | 1723 (23.4) | 639 (25.4) | 1084 (22.2) |
 Equivalized household income tertile (10,000 yen/year) | |||
  High (247.49 < =) | 51,919 (10.0) | 27,298 (10.0) | 24,621 (10.0) |
  Middle (159.1–245.97) | 33,392 (16.9) | 17,322 (17.9) | 16,070 (15.9) |
  Low (<=158.77) | 33,475 (25.2) | 15,152 (26.8) | 18,323 (23.8) |
  Missing | 28,763 (20.5) | 11,216 (22.0) | 17,547 (19.5) |
 Living alone | |||
  No | 118,902 (15.2) | 60,990 (15.2) | 57,912 (15.2) |
  Yes | 21,432 (26.5) | 7080 (35.4) | 14,352 (22.1) |
  Missing | 7215 (19.2) | 2918 (19.6) | 4297 (18.9) |
 Having spouse | |||
  Yes | 107,232 (14.6) | 60,203 (14.9) | 47,029 (14.2) |
  No | 37,885 (23.3) | 9665 (31.5) | 28,220 (20.5) |
  Missing | 2432 (29.0) | 1120 (33.3) | 1312 (25.4) |
 Longest occupation | |||
  Not farmer | 126,855 (16.7) | 62,189 (17.1) | 64,666 (16.3) |
  Farmer | 5378 (19.1) | 2771 (19.3) | 2607 (18.9) |
  Missing | 15,316 (19.3) | 6028 (19.7) | 9288 (19.1) |
Area-level variables | |||
 Population density quintile (person/km2) | |||
  Highest (11,759.42–37,915.64) | 29,761 (17.2) | 14,229 (18.0) | 15,532 (16.4) |
  High (7431.47–11,753.88) | 30,522 (16.4) | 14,964 (16.9) | 15,558 (15.8) |
  Middle (4868.92–7426.45) | 29,209 (16.8) | 14,155 (17.0) | 15,054 (16.6) |
  Low (3476.89–4842.1) | 29,537 (16.7) | 14,094 (17.0) | 15,443 (16.3) |
  Lowest (795.82–3456.73) | 28,520 (18.4) | 13,546 (18.2) | 14,974 (18.5) |
 Area | |||
  Tokai | 62,932 (16.3) | 30,440 (16.9) | 32,492 (15.8) |
  Hokkaido | 8486 (16.6) | 4048 (16.2) | 4438 (16.9) |
  Tohoku | 7386 (20.6) | 3479 (19.8) | 3907 (21.4) |
  Hokuriku | 6796 (18.7) | 3314 (18.2) | 3482 (19.2) |
  Kanto and higashiyama | 35,974 (16.4) | 17,651 (16.6) | 18,323 (16.2) |
  Kinki | 9426 (17.5) | 4583 (19.4) | 4843 (15.8) |
  Kyushu | 16,549 (19.0) | 7473 (19.4) | 9076 (18.7) |
 Daylight hours tertile (hours/year) | |||
  Short (1393.76–1886.62) | 49,348 (16.9) | 23,672 (17.4) | 25,676 (16.3) |
  Middle (1886.68–2060.44) | 49,797 (16.2) | 24,481 (16.9) | 25,316 (15.6) |
  Long (2060.46–2177.88) | 48,404 (18.1) | 22,835 (18.0) | 25,569 (18.2) |
Total | 147,549 (17.1) | 70,988 (17.4) | 76,561 (16.7) |
Area-level quantitative variables (unstandardized value) | Mean (standard deviation) | Minimum | Maximum |
Animal husbandry farm density (/1000 persons) | 0.51 (2.89) | 0.00 | 58.30 |
Crop farm density (/1000 persons) | 16.76 (82.37) | 0.00 | 1821.40 |
Amount of rain fall (mm/year) | 1533.51 (228.93) | 829.75 | 2829.45 |
Mean slope angle (%) | 7.19 (10.15) | 0.00 | 73.11 |