Table 8 Characteristics associated with adverse mental health symptoms
For symptoms of an anxiety or depressive disorder | ||||||
Nations (US and Australia [n = 4537]) | Cities (New York and Los Angeles [n = 1032]) | |||||
aPR | 95% CI | P | aPR | 95% CI | P | |
Gendera (reference: Male) | ||||||
Female | 1.48 | (1.34, 1.63) | < 0.001 | 1.49 | (1.23, 1.81) | < 0.001 |
Age group, years (reference: ≥65) | ||||||
18–24 | 2.21 | (1.85, 2.64) | < 0.001 | 3.28 | (2.20, 4.90) | < 0.001 |
25–44 | 2.02 | (1.72, 2.38) | < 0.001 | 2.78 | (1.93, 3.99) | < 0.001 |
45–64 | 1.33 | (1.12, 1.58) | 0.001 | 2.07 | (1.43, 2.98) | < 0.001 |
Political ideology (reference: Centre) | ||||||
Very Liberal | 1.28 | (1.12, 1.46) | < 0.001 | 1.38 | (1.07, 1.80) | 0.014 |
Slightly Liberal | 1.00 | (0.88, 1.14) | 0.99 | 1.13 | (0.86, 1.48) | 0.38 |
Slightly Conservative | 0.89 | (0.77, 1.02) | 0.099 | 1.15 | (0.84, 1.58) | 0.38 |
Very Conservative | 0.94 | (0.80, 1.10) | 0.44 | 1.02 | (0.71, 1.48) | 0.90 |
Apolitical and/or prefer not to say | 0.91 | (0.77, 1.08) | 0.28 | 1.12 | (0.79, 1.58) | 0.53 |
Regionb (reference: Australia and LA, respectively) | ||||||
US and NY, respectively | 0.97 | (0.88, 1.07) | 0.49 | 1.13 | (0.95, 1.35) | 0.18 |
Self-reported quarantine or spending the majority of time at home (reference: No) | ||||||
Yes, Spending the majority of time at home | 1.32 | (1.14, 1.53) | < 0.001 | 1.22 | (0.86, 1.74) | 0.27 |
Yes, Quarantine | 1.77 | (1.52, 2.05) | < 0.001 | 1.52 | (1.07, 2.15) | 0.018 |
For symptoms of insomnia | ||||||
Nations (US and Australia [n = 4537]) | Cities (New York and Los Angeles [n = 1032]) | |||||
aPR | 95% CI | P | aPR | 95% CI | P | |
Gendera (reference: Male) | ||||||
Female | 1.66 | (1.46, 1.90) | < 0.001 | 1.81 | (1.35, 2.42) | < 0.001 |
Age group, years (reference: ≥65) | ||||||
18–24 | 1.00 | (0.79, 1.27) | 0.98 | 0.73 | (0.41, 1.31) | 0.29 |
25–44 | 1.01 | (0.84, 1.22) | 0.92 | 1.02 | (0.69, 1.52) | 0.92 |
45–64 | 1.25 | (1.04, 1.49) | 0.015 | 1.09 | (0.74, 1.59) | 0.66 |
Political ideology (reference: Centre) | ||||||
Very Liberal | 0.96 | (0.78, 1.19) | 0.71 | 1.16 | (0.78, 1.73) | 0.47 |
Slightly Liberal | 0.95 | (0.80, 1.13) | 0.60 | 0.95 | (0.64, 1.41) | 0.79 |
Slightly Conservative | 0.78 | (0.65, 0.94) | 0.011 | 1.02 | (0.66, 1.59) | 0.93 |
Very Conservative | 0.98 | (0.80, 1.20) | 0.84 | 0.96 | (0.58, 1.59) | 0.87 |
Apolitical and/or prefer not to say | 1.03 | (0.83, 1.27) | 0.82 | 0.86 | (0.47, 1.59) | 0.64 |
Regionb (reference: Australia and LA, respectively) | ||||||
US and NY, respectively | 0.88 | (0.77, 1.00) | 0.058 | 0.83 | (0.63, 1.08) | 0.170 |
Self-reported quarantine or spending the majority of time at home (reference: No) | ||||||
Yes, Spending the majority of time at home | 1.22 | (1.02, 1.46) | 0.027 | 1.04 | (0.65, 1.67) | 0.86 |
Yes, Quarantine | 1.36 | (1.13, 1.65) | 0.001 | 1.31 | (0.82, 2.10) | 0.26 |