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Table 2 Distribution of clinical and lifestyle characteristics for each 10-year CVD risk category

From: Anthropometric measures of obesity and associated cardiovascular disease risk in the Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network (ECHORN) Cohort Study

Characteristic

CVD 10-Year Risk

≤7.5% (n = 1089)

> 7.5% (n = 528)

p-value*

≤10% (n = 1222)

> 10% (n = 395)

p-value*

≤20% (n = 1451)

> 20% (n = 166)

p-value*

Elevated BMI - n (%)

  

0.0113

  

0.0786

  

0.8752

 not elevated

653 (60)

351 (66.5)

 

744 (60.9)

260 (65.8)

 

900 (62)

104 (62.7)

 

 elevated

436 (40)

177 (33.5)

 

478 (39.1)

135 (34.2)

 

551 (38)

62 (37.4)

 

Waist-to-hip Ratio - n (%)

  

<.0001

  

<.0001

  

<.0001

 not elevated

616 (56.6)

187 (35.4)

 

675 (55.2)

128 (32.4)

 

762 (52.5)

41 (24.7)

 

 elevated

473 (43.4)

341 (64.6)

 

547 (44.8)

267 (67.6)

 

689 (47.5)

125 (75.3)

 

Waist Circumference - n (%)

  

0.1099

  

0.2804

  

0.8134

 not elevated

552 (50.7)

290 (54.9)

 

627 (51.3)

215 (54.4)

 

757 (52.2)

85 (51.2)

 

 elevated

537 (49.3)

238 (45.1)

 

595 (48.7)

180 (45.6)

 

694 (47.8)

81 (48.8)

 

Waist to height ratio - n (%)

  

0.0115

  

0.0034

  

0.0184

 not elevated

247 (22.7)

91 (17.2)

 

276 (22.6)

62 (15.7)

 

315 (21.7)

23 (13.9)

 

 elevated

842 (77.3)

437 (82.8)

 

946 (77.4)

333 (84.3)

 

1136 (78.3)

143 (86.1)

 

Education level - n (%)

  

<.0001

  

<.0001

  

<.0001

 less than high school

272 (25)

219 (41.5)

 

324 (26.5)

167 (42.3)

 

408 (28.1)

83 (50)

 

 high school

257 (23.6)

117 (22.2)

 

291 (23.8)

83 (21)

 

341 (23.5)

33 (19.9)

 

 some college

271 (24.9)

116 (22)

 

299 (24.5)

88 (22.3)

 

355 (24.5)

32 (19.3)

 

 college+

289 (26.5)

76 (14.4)

 

308 (25.2)

57 (14.4)

 

347 (23.9)

18 (10.8)

 

Physical Activity - n (%)

  

0.4951

  

0.2489

  

0.0052

 low

495 (45.5)

239 (45.3)

 

551 (45.1)

183 (46.3)

 

646 (44.5)

88 (53)

 

 moderate

200 (18.4)

109 (20.6)

 

225 (18.4)

84 (21.3)

 

271 (18.7)

38 (22.9)

 

 high

394 (36.2)

180 (34.1)

 

446 (36.5)

128 (32.4)

 

534 (36.8)

40 (24.1)

 

Serving of fruit and vegetables per week - mean (sd)

9.8 (6.6)

9.7 (6.3)

0.9720

9.7 (6.6)

9.8 (6.3)

0.3734

9.7 (6.6)

10.1 (5.9)

0.2490

Daily added sugar intake (tsp) without cereal - mean (sd)

14.2 (10.2)

13.6 (9.3)

0.1048

14.2 (10)

13.3 (9.5)

0.0258

14.2 (10)

11.9 (8.3)

0.0018

  1. Values are n | (col %) for categorical variables. *P-value connotes significance of chi-squared test of association between high and low risk CVD risk category (i.e. >7.5% vs.  < =7.5%, >10% vs.  < =10%, and >20% vs.  < =20%)) for each anthropometric measure or sociodemographic or lifestyle characteristics. Significant values p < 0.05 denoted with bold. Elevated BMI defined as ≥30 kg/m2; elevated WHR defined as > 0.9 (men), > 0.85 (women); elevated WHtR defined as > 0.5
  2. CVD Cardiovascular disease, BMI Body Mass Index, WHR Waist-to-hip ratio, WHtR waist-to-height ratio
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