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Table 6 Torturing Environment Blocks by decade of detention (N = 201)

From: Beyond torture checklists: an exploratory study of the reliability and construct validity of the Torturing Environment Scale (TES)

Blocks median (IQR)

Before 1979

1980’

1990’

2000–2010

Test statistic

Epsilon-squared estimate

Context Manipulation

6 (4–9)

6 (4–8)a

7 (4–9)

8 (6–9)a

8.388*

0.053

Threats-Fear

6.5 (5–10)

7 (5–9)

7 (4–10)

7 (5–8)

0.288

0.002

Pain

8 (4–10)

8 (6–10)

6 (4–10)

8 (4–10)

1.934

0.012

Extreme Pain

0 (0–4)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

7.144

0.046

Sexual integrity

0 (0–2) a

0 (0–4)

2 (0–4)

2 (0–8) a

9.757*

0.062

Need to belong

4 (4–4)

4 (0–6)

4 (4–4)

4 (4–6)

4.182

0.027

Identity, Meaning

4 (2–5) a

4 (2–6) b

4 (2–6)

6 (4–8) a, b

14.158**

0.090

Coercive Interrogation

9 (4–12)

8 (6–10)

10 (6–12)

10 (8–12)

7.390

0.047

PPT-Manipulation

4 (3–5.5)

4 (3–5.5)

4.5 (3.5–5.5)

5 (4–6)

8.204*

0.052

PPT-Physical

2.5 (2–4.5)

2,6 (2–3.5)

2.3 (1.5–3.8)

2,5 (1–3.5)

2.064

0.013

PPT-Psychological

3.7 (2.3–4.3)a

3.8 (2.9–4.6)b

3.9 (2.9–4.8)

4.3 (3.3–5.4) a, b

10.208*

0.065

  1. The superscript letters are the same in those groups between which there are differences. In the Context Manipulation variable, the differences between groups have a p-value at the limit of statistical significance
  2. *p-values< 0.05, **p < 0.01