Table 2 Association of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors with NCDs (n = 681)
Characteristics | NCDs | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Present(N = 171) | Absent(N = 510) | Crude OR (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | p value# |
| Â | n (%) | n (%) | ||||
Age category (in years) | ||||||
 18–29 | 6 (3.5) | 104 (20.4) | 1 | < 0.001 | 1 | < 0.001 |
 30–39 | 19 (11.1) | 171 (33.5) | 1.9 (0.8–5.0) | 2.0 (0.7–5.4) | ||
 40–49 | 82 (48.0) | 106 (20.8) | 13.4 (5.6–32.1) | 11.9 (4.7–30.3) | ||
 50–59 | 34 (19.9) | 87 (17.1) | 6.8 (2.7–16.9) | 4.6 (1.7–12.2) | ||
  ≥ 60 | 30 (17.5) | 42 (8.2) | 12.4 (4.8–31.9) | 9.0 (3.2–25.6) | ||
Socio Economic Class (As per modified BG Prasad scale) | ||||||
 1 (upper) | 29 (17.0) | 50 (9.8) | 1 | 0.01 | 1 | 0.02 |
 2 (upper middle) | 447 (27.5) | 147 (28.8) | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | ||
 3 (middle) | 41 (24.0) | 182 (35.7) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 0.3 (0.2–0.7) | ||
 4(lower middle) | 47 (27.5) | 111 (21.8) | 0.73 (0.4–1.3) | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) | ||
 5 (lower) | 7 (4.1) | 20 (3.9) | 0.6 (0.2–1.6) | 0.6 (0.2–2.0) | ||
Marital status | ||||||
 Never married | 17 (9.9) | 87 (17.1) | 1 | 0.03 | 1 | 0.51 |
 Ever married | 154 (90.1) | 423 (82.9) | 1.9 (1.1–3.2) | 1.3 (0.6–2.4) | ||
Religion | ||||||
 Hindu | 166 (97.1) | 495 (97.1) | 1 | 0.16 | 1 | 0.696 |
 Others | 5 (2.9) | 15 (2.9) | 1.0 (0.4–2.8) | 0.8 (0.2–2.6) | ||
Literacy status (years of schooling) | ||||||
  < 5 | 28 (16.4) | 85 (16.6) | 1 | 0.19 | 1 | 0.5 |
 5–10 | 125 (73.1) | 343 (67. 3) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 1.3 (0.8–2.3) | ||
  > 10 | 18 (10.5) | 82 (16.1) | 0.7 (0.3–1.3) | 0.95 (0.4–2.0) | ||
Type of family | ||||||
Nuclear | 77 (45.0) | 234 (45.9) | 1 | 0.87 | Â | NS |
Joint | 69 (40.4) | 210 (41.2) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | – | ||
 Three generation | 25 (14.6) | 66 (12.9) | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) | – | ||
Type of fishing activity | ||||||
 Country boat | 82 (48.0) | 242 (47.4) | 1 | 0.84 |  | NS |
 Deep sea trawling boat- Short duration | 50 (29.2) | 160 (31.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | – | ||
 Deep sea trawling boat- Long duration | 39 (22.8) | 108 (21.2) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | – | ||
Years of fishing | ||||||
  < 5 | 8 (4.7) | 71 (13.9) | 1 | < 0.001 |  |  |
 6–10 | 8 (4.7) | 72 (14.1) | 1.0 (0.4–2.8) |  | ||
 11–15 | 26 (15.2) | 85 (16.7) | 2.7 (1.2–6.4) |  | ||
 16–20 | 40 (23.4) | 91 (17.8) | 3.9 (1.7–8.9) |  | ||
  > 20 | 89 (52.0) | 191 (37.5) | 4.1 (1.9–9.0) |  | ||
Contact with family at shore while fishing | ||||||
 Yes | 72 (42.1) | 301 (59.0) | 1 | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.001 |
 No | 99 (57.9) | 209 (41.0) | 2.0 (1.4–2.8) | 2.0 (1.3–3.0) | ||
Dietary practice | ||||||
 Good | 38 (22.2) | 176 (34.5) | 1 | 0.002 | 1 | 0.045 |
 Satisfactory | 50 (29.3) | 156 (30.6) | 1.5 (1.0–2.4) | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) | ||
 Poor | 83 (48.5) | 178 (34.9) | 2.2 (1.4–3.3) | 1.9 (1.2–3.2) | ||
Physical activity | ||||||
 Sedentary | 8 (4.7) | 22 (4.3) | 1 | 0.46 |  | NS |
 Moderate | 151 (88.3) | 464 (91.0) | 0.9 (0.4–2.1) | – | ||
 Heavy | 12 (7.0) | 24 (4.7) | 1.4 (0.5–4.0) | – | ||
Stress levels | ||||||
 Mild | 11 (6.4) | 56 (11.0) | 1 | 0.01 | 1 | 0.15 |
 Moderate | 42 (24.6) | 167 (32.7) | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | 1.6 (0.7–3.9) | ||
 Severe | 118 (69.0) | 287 (56.3) | 2.1 (1.1–4.1) | 2.1 (0.9–4.8) | ||
Sleep quality | ||||||
 Average | 105 (61.4) | 323 (63.3) | 1 | 0.25 |  | NS |
 Poor | 16 (9.4) | 29 (5.7) | 1.7 (0.9–3.2) | – | ||
 Good | 50 (29.2) | 158 (31.0) | 0.97 (0.7–1.4) | – | ||
Any substance use in life | ||||||
 Never | 12 (7.0) | 84 (16.5) | 1 | 0.002 | 1 | 0.01 |
 Ever | 159 (93.0) | 426 (83.5) | 2.61 (1.4–4.9) | 2.5 (1.2–5.2) | ||
BMI | ||||||
 Normal + underweight | 69 (40.4%) | 224 (43.9) | 1 | 0.67 |  |  |
 Overweight | 77 (45.0) | 221 (43.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) |  | ||
 Obese | 25 (14.6) | 65 (12.8) | 1.3 (0.7–2.1) |  | ||
Waist Circumference (in cm) | ||||||
 Healthy (< 94) | 55 (32.2) | 335 (65.7) | 1 | < 0.001 | 1 | < 0.001 |
 Increased risk (94–102) | 88 (51.4) | 164 (32.2) | 3.3 (2.2–4.8) | 2.2 (1.4–3.4) | ||
 Greatly increased risk (> 102) | 28 (16.4) | 11 (2.1) | 15.5 (7.3–32.9) | 8.4 (3.6–19.7) | ||
Lipid profile status (n = 154) | ||||||
 Favourable | 5 (12.8) | 26 (22.6) | 1 | 0.2 |  | NS |
 Unfavourable | 34 (87.2) | 89 (77.4) | 2.0 (0.7–5.6) | – | ||