Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of women and female genital mutilation among women aged 15–49 and girls aged 0–14 in Chad (Weighted, N = 6334)
Variables | Frequency (n) | Percentage (%) | FGM in women aged 15–49 | χ2 (p-value) | FGM in girls aged 0–14 | χ2 (p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual level factors | ||||||
Age | 0.40 (0.818) | 392.2 (< 0.001) | ||||
15–24 | 1884 | 29.7 | 48.6 | 1.2 | ||
25–34 | 2530 | 40.0 | 51.0 | 14.5 | ||
35 years and above | 1920 | 30.3 | 50.8 | 22.3 | ||
Mother’s education | 150.7 (< 0.001) | 172.6 (< 0.001) | ||||
No education | 4290 | 67.7 | 56.8 | 16.9 | ||
Primary | 1382 | 21.8 | 39.5 | 5.3 | ||
Secondary/Higher | 662 | 10.5 | 30.2 | 3.0 | ||
Partner’s education | 171.5(< 0.001) | 214.6 (< 0.001) | ||||
No education | 3768 | 59.5 | 58.1 | 18.5 | ||
Primary | 1179 | 18.6 | 42.3 | 6.9 | ||
Secondary/Higher | 1387 | 21.9 | 36.4 | 2.7 | ||
Marital status | 10.1 (0.001) | 33.1 (< 0.001) | ||||
Married | 5757 | 90.9 | 51.4 | 13.9 | ||
Cohabiting | 577 | 9.1 | 38.6 | 3.3 | ||
Employment status | 29.0 (< 0.001) | 15.5 (< 0.001) | ||||
Not working | 2995 | 47.3 | 48.8 | 12.6 | ||
Working | 3339 | 52.7 | 51.5 | 13.2 | ||
Ethnicity | 7.6 (< 0.001) | 497.04 (< 0.001) | ||||
Sara | 2065 | 32.6 | 44.8 | 4.6 | ||
Gorane | 256 | 4.0 | 11.5 | 3.9 | ||
Arab | 833 | 13.2 | 89.8 | 24.9 | ||
Ouaadai/maba/massalit/mimi | 647 | 10.2 | 82.0 | 30.2 | ||
Kenemu-Borno | 446 | 7.1 | 10.2 | 3.1 | ||
Boulala/medego/kouka | 282 | 4.5 | 61.3 | 17.1 | ||
Other | 1804 | 28.5 | 40.5 | 13.6 | ||
Religion | 256.1 (< 0.001) | 233.3 (< 0.001) | ||||
Christianity | 2628 | 41.5 | 35.1 | 3.7 | ||
Islam | 3583 | 56.6 | 62.2 | 20.0 | ||
Other | 123 | 2.0 | 30.0 | 4.1 | ||
Frequency of reading newspaper/magazine | 53.6 (< 0.001) | 43.9 (< 0.001) | ||||
Not at all | 5913 | 93.3 | 51.7 | 13.6 | ||
Less than once a week/at least once a week | 421 | 6.7 | 29.6 | 3.0 | ||
Frequency of listening to radio | 47.6 (< 0.001) | 44.3 (< 0.001) | ||||
Not at all | 4689 | 74.0 | 53.2 | 14.5 | ||
Less than once a week/at least once a week | 1645 | 26.0 | 41.8 | 8.5 | ||
Frequency of watching television | 17.5 (< 0.001) | 26.7 (< 0.001) | ||||
Not at all | 5582 | 88.1 | 51.3 | 13.6 | ||
Less than once a week/at least once a week | 752 | 11.9 | 42.5 | 7.7 | ||
Respondent circumcised | N/A | 974.5 (< 0.001) | ||||
No | 3153 | 49.8 | N/A | 0.4 | ||
Yes | 3181 | 50.2 | N/A | 25.3 | ||
Wealth quintile | 102.4 (< 0.001) | 32.9 (< 0.001) | ||||
Poorest | 1590 | 21.0 | 57.1 | 14.1 | ||
Poorer | 1328 | 20.9 | 53.2 | 12.7 | ||
Middle | 1320 | 20.2 | 47.9 | 13.9 | ||
Richer | 1280 | 18.4 | 46.5 | 14.4 | ||
Richest | 1238 | 19.5 | 45.5 | 9.3 | ||
Contextual factors | ||||||
Place of residence | 2.1 (0.147) | 17.3 (< 0.001) | ||||
Urban | 1390 | 22.0 | 49.4 | 10.3 | ||
Rural | 4944 | 78.0 | 50.6 | 13.6 | ||
Community literacy level | 170.2 (< 0.001) | 180.7 (< 0.001) | ||||
Low | 2271 | 35.9 | 60.6 | 20.3 | ||
Medium | 2057 | 32.5 | 45.0 | 11.0 | ||
High | 2007 | 31.8 | 40.7 | 6.4 | ||
Community socio-economic status | 103.2 (< 0.001) | 58.4 (< 0.001) | ||||
Low | 4025 | 63.5 | 53.4 | 14.6 | ||
Medium | 575 | 9.1 | 40.1 | 8.9 | ||
High | 1734 | 27.4 | 44.1 | 10.4 | ||