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Table 2 Univariable and multivariable associations between respondent characteristics and social distancing (number of days at home in the last 5)a in adult respondents (age ≥ 18 years)

From: Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: quantifying the practice in Michigan – a “hotspot state” early in the pandemic – using a volunteer-based online survey

 

Survey 1

Survey 2

Variable

OR

95% CI

P-value

OR

95% CI

P-value

Univariable analysis

 Sex (Female vs. Male)

1.73

(1.64, 1.82)

< 0.01

1.64

(1.43, 1.88)

< 0.01

 Age (years) (5-unit increment)

1.04

(1.03, 1.05)

< 0.01

0.98

(0.96, 1.00)

0.19

 Smoking (self or others in home) (Yes vs. No)

0.69

(0.66, 0.73)

< 0.01

n/a

n/a

n/a

 Self or someone in home sick (Yes vs. No)

1.18

(1.11, 1.25)

< 0.01

1.16

(0.95, 1.41)

0.13

 Recent travel (Yes vs. No)

0.97

(0.92, 1.03)

0.36

0.89

(0.68, 1.03)

0.09

 ≥ 5 individuals in home (vs. < 5)

0.94

(0.82, 1.09)

0.44

1.12

(0.76, 1.63)

0.57

 Essential worker (Yes vs. No)

n/a

n/a

n/a

0.15

(0.14, 0.17)

< 0.01

 Caregiver (Yes vs. No)

n/a

n/a

n/a

0.81

(0.67, 0.96)

0.02

Multivariable analysis

 Sex (Female vs. Male)

1.74

(1.65, 1.84)

< 0.01

1.49

(1.27, 1.73)

< 0.01

 Age (years) (5-year increment)

1.05

(1.04,1.06)

< 0.01

0.95

(0.93, 0.96)

< 0.01

 Smoking (self or others in home) (Yes vs. No)

0.69

(0.65, 0.72)

< 0.01

n/a

n/a

n/a

 Self or someone in home sick (Yes vs. No)

1.23

(1.16, 1.31)

< 0.01

1.35

(1.09, 1.67)

< 0.01

 Recent travel (Yes vs. No)

0.95

(0.9, 1.01)

0.13

0.83

(0.66, 1.04)

0.10

 ≥ 5 individuals in home (vs. < 5)

0.90

(0.78, 1.04)

0.166

0.86

(0.57, 1.31)

0.49

 Essential worker (Yes vs. No)

n/a

n/a

n/a

0.14

(0.13, 0.16)

< 0.01

 Caregiver (Yes vs. No)

n/a

n/a

n/a

1.11

(0.92, 1.35)

0.29

  1. n/a not asked in that particular survey, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. aDichotomous outcome defined by “staying at home in the last 5 days” greater than or equal to 3 days