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Table 6 Class characteristics identified with latent class growth analysis

From: Housing first, connection second: the impact of professional helping relationships on the trajectories of housing stability for people facing severe and multiple disadvantage

Variable

Sharp rise, sustained and decline housing

Hardly anytime housed

High rise, sustained and decline housing

TAU, n (%)

327 (26.4)

529 (66.6)

50 (46.7)

HF, n (%)

HF ICM, n (%)

913 (73.6)

587 (64.3)

265 (33.4)

161 (60.8)

57 (53.3)

30 (52.6)

Age (years)

41

39

39

Gender (%)

 Female

35

27

29.9

 Male

65

73

70.1

Education (%)

  < High school

53.1

61.6

56.1

 Completed high school/some higher education

19.4

16.9

21.5

 Completed trade school/ undergraduate

27.4

21.5

22.4

Age first time homeless

16

27

31

Total time homeless (years)

5.9

6.8

3.9

Childhood trauma (Ace total score)

4.3

4.7

4.2

Diagnosis (MINI %)

 Depression

51.3

51.4

52.3

 Mood disorder with psychotic features

16.1

16.9

14

 Psychotic disorders

35.4

38.8

35.5

 Panic disorder

22.3

24.1

24.3

 Manic or hypomanic Episode

12.8

13.6

15

 PTSD

29.6

28.5

26.2

Baseline mental illness

 severity (CSI cut-off, %)

75.9

75.1

74.5

Social network (MCAS %)

 Nobody (baseline)

6

5.4

3.7

 Nobody (6 months)

2.2

5.1

3.3

 Nobody (12 months)

1.6

5.8

1.1

 Nobody (18 months)

1.2

5.9

1.1

 Nobody (24 months)

0.7

2.4

0.2

Time in prison during study (%)

 6 months

1.5

7

3.7

 12 months

1.12

9.6

2.8

 18 months

0.31

12.46

3.89

 24 months

1.13

10.24

8.03

Substance problems (GAIN SPS high use, past year)

 12 months

36.9

46.2

46.7

 24 months

28.5

35.5

43

  1. Note: ACE Adverse Childhood Experiences; MINI = Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; CSI Colorado Symptom Index; MCAS Multnomah Community Ability Scale (social network item); Gain-SPS Global Assessment of Individual Need Substance Problem Scale (only high use reported here); TAU Treatment as Usual; ICM Intensive Case Management