Table 1 Characteristics of adolescents with their mothers’ work schedule (N = 1743)

All

739

(42.4)

637

(36.6)

367

(21.1)

  Boy

375

(50.7)

316

(49.6)

189

(51.5)

  Girl

364

(49.3)

321

(50.4)

178

(48.5)

  Ordinary

688

(93.2)

593

(93.4)

338

(92.1)

  Evening or other

45

(6.1)

34

(5.4)

27

(7.4)

  Not attending

5

(0.7)

8

(1.3)

2

(0.5)

  Employed

120

(16.2)

133

(20.9)

39

(10.6)

  Not employed

619

(83.8)

504

(79.1)

328

(89.4)

  30–39 years

18

(2.4)

16

(2.5)

7

(1.9)

  40–49 years

522

(70.6)

439

(68.9)

242

(65.9)

   ≥ 50 years

199

(26.9)

182

(28.6)

118

(32.2)

   < 40 h/week

535

(72.4)

356

(55.9)

–

–

  40–59 h/week

181

(24.5)

242

(38.0)

–

–

   ≥ 60 h/week

7

(1.0)

31

(4.9)

–

–

  Missing

16

(2.2)

8

(1.3)

–

–

  Absent

510

(69.0)

406

(63.7)

244

(66.5)

  Present

229

(31.0)

231

(36.3)

123

(33.5)

  Low–middle (<  7 million JPY)

238

(32.2)

281

(44.1)

102

(27.8)

  High (≥ 7 million JPY)

386

(52.2)

262

(41.1)

177

(48.2)

  Missing

105

(15.6)

94

(14.8)

88

(24.0)

  Yes

88

(11.9)

89

(14.0)

42

(11.4)

  No

651

(88.1)

548

(86.0)

325

(88.6)

  Yes

603

(81.6)

507

(79.6)

282

(76.8)

  No

136

(18.4)

130

(20.4)

85

(23.2)

  Standard

335

(45.3)

164

(25.8)

185

(50.4)

  Nonstandard

303

(41.0)

327

(51.3)

136

(37.1)

  Not employed

9

(1.2)

15

(2.4)

14

(3.8)

  No father (single mother household)

92

(12.5)

131

(20.6)

32

(8.7)