Table 2 Characteristics of study participants and the distribution of daughters’ FGM/C by background characteristics in Ethiopia, 2016
Background Characteristics | Total number of daughters | Daughters circumcised | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency | Percent | Frequency | Percent | |
Maternal age (in years) (mean = 22.9, SD + 7.04) | ||||
15–19 | 84 | 1.2 | 4 | 4.8 |
20–24 | 521 | 7.5 | 59 | 11.3 |
25–29 | 1486 | 21.3 | 196 | 13.2 |
30–34 | 1818 | 26.0 | 305 | 16.8 |
35–49 | 3077 | 44.0 | 739 | 24.0 |
Mother’s marital status | ||||
Married | 6386 | 91.4 | 1185 | 18.6 |
Divorced | 245 | 3.5 | 61 | 24.9 |
Widowed | 205 | 2.9 | 37 | 18.0 |
Others* | 149 | 2.1 | 19 | 12.8 |
Religion | ||||
Orthodox Christian | 2483 | 35.5 | 655 | 26.4 |
Muslim | 2677 | 38.3 | 382 | 14.3 |
Protestant | 1654 | 23.7 | 255 | 15.4 |
Others** | 171 | 2.5 | 11 | 6.4 |
Mother’s educational status | ||||
No education | 4952 | 70.9 | 1040 | 21.0 |
Primary | 1642 | 23.5 | 253 | 15.4 |
Secondary and above | 391 | 5.6 | 9 | 2.3 |
Husband/partner’s education | ||||
No education | 4952 | 70.9 | 1040 | 21 |
Primary | 1642 | 23.5 | 253 | 15.4 |
Secondary and above | 391 | 5.6 | 9 | 2.3 |
Mother’s occupation | ||||
Do not work | 3716 | 53.2 | 662 | 17.8 |
Non-professional | 3174 | 45.4 | 638 | 20.1 |
Professional | 96 | 1.4 | 2 | 2.1 |
Husband/partner’s occupation | ||||
Do not work | 499 | 7.7 | 111 | 22.2 |
Non-professional | 5685 | 88 | 1041 | 18.3 |
Professional | 278 | 4.3 | 44 | 15.8 |
Maternal circumcision status | ||||
Not circumcised | 1383 | 19.8 | 60 | 4.3 |
Circumcised | 5602 | 80.2 | 1243 | 22.2 |
Wealth Index | ||||
Poorest | 1429 | 20.5 | 284 | 19.9 |
Poorer | 1445 | 20.7 | 276 | 19.1 |
Middle | 1477 | 21.1 | 284 | 19.2 |
Richer | 1541 | 22.1 | 328 | 21.3 |
Richest | 1093 | 15.6 | 130 | 11.9 |
Number of living children | ||||
1–2 | 1152 | 16.5 | 132 | 11.5 |
3–4 | 2094 | 30 | 369 | 17.6 |
5–6 | 2080 | 29.8 | 463 | 22.3 |
7+ | 1659 | 23.8 | 338 | 20.4 |
Sex of household head | ||||
Male | 5765 | 82.5 | 1036 | 18 |
Female | 1220 | 17.5 | 267 | 21.9 |
Mother’s relation to the head of the household | ||||
Wife | 5535 | 79.2 | 1014 | 18.3 |
Head | 1045 | 15 | 236 | 22.6 |
Daughter or daughter-in-law | 307 | 4.4 | 35 | 11.4 |
Other*** | 98 | 1.4 | 17 | 17.3 |
Had regular media exposure | ||||
No | 5706 | 81.7 | 1202 | 21.1 |
Yes | 1279 | 18.3 | 101 | 7.9 |
Perceived religious believes to FGM/C | ||||
Not required | 4531 | 64.9 | 645 | 14.2 |
Required | 2085 | 29.8 | 580 | 27.8 |
Do not know/ no religion | 369 | 5.3 | 77 | 20.9 |
Opinions of women towards the practice of FGM/C | ||||
Stop | 5058 | 72.4 | 692 | 13.7 |
Continue | 1593 | 22.8 | 557 | 35 |
Depends/ do not know | 334 | 4.8 | 53 | 15.9 |
Ever heard of female circumcision | ||||
No | 88 | 1.3 | 4 | 4.5 |
Yes | 6897 | 98.7 | 1298 | 18.8 |
Total | 6985 | 100 | 1302 | 18.6 |