Table 4 Relationship analysis for diarrhea and individual and community level factors based on Bayesian approach in Ethiopian under-five children in 2016

훽0 intercept*

−5.8

0.7

0.00

0.00

0.01

1

5814

9217

Sex of child

Male (ref)

Female

−0.11

0.07

0.89

0.78

1.02

1

10,361

5807

Twin

Yes*

0.26

0.07

1.3

1.1

1.5

1

19,613

8366

No (ref)

Weight of child at birth

Small

−0.19

0.11

0.83

0.67

1.02

1

19,808

14,137

Average (ref)

Big*

0.48

0.11

1.63

1.62

2.02

1

20,612

13,727

Birth order

First (ref)

2–3

−0.36

0.26

0.7

0.43

1.2

1

10,903

11,827

4–5

− 0.25

0.29

0.78

0.44

1.38

1

10,235

10,907

= > 6

−0.29

0.3

0.76

0.42

1.35

1

10,209

10,942

Birth interval

= < 23 month

−0.03

0.08

0.97

0.83

1.13

1

20,381

13,298

= > 24 month (ref)

Age of child

< 1 year (ref)

= > 1 < 2 year*

0.22

0.08

1.3

1.06

1.47

1

9648

5850

= > 2 < 3 year

− 0.15

0.09

0.86

0.72

1.03

1

3604

4530

= > 3 < 4 year*

−0.54

0.1

0.6

0.48

0.71

1

3251

4625

= > 4 < 5 year

−1.23

0.12

0.3

0.23

0.4

1

3377

4837

Breast feeding

Still breast feed (ref)

Ever breast feed but not now

−0.09

0.8

0.91

0.78

1.07

1

24,022

13,505

Never breast feed

−0.27

0.31

0.80

0.42

1.42

1

22,263

12,015

Rota vaccine

vaccinated (ref)

Not vaccinated*

0.32

0.13

1.44

1.12

1.9

1

9367

6075

Measles’ vaccine

Yes (ref)

No*

0.2

0.05

1.2

1.1

1.33

1

14,128

6067

Vitamin supplementation

Yes (ref)

No

−0.12

0.06

0.88

0.78

1.01

1

25,507

14,935

Wealth index

Poor*

.95

0.23

2.6

1.7

4.03

1

16,045

14,275

Medium

0.09

0.24

1.1

0.68

1.74

1

14,461

14,475

Rich (ref)

Mothers working status

Working (ref)

Not working

0.24

0.2

1.3

1.0

1.6

1

8311

5878

Health insurance

Yes (ref)

No*

0.78

0.27

2.2

1.3

3.8

1

7888

5393

Fixed effect

Category

Estimates

SE

AOR

Rhat

Bulk_

ESS

Tail_

ESS

L-CrI

U-CrI

Distance to health facility

Not long (ref)

Long *

1

0.12

2.7

2.2

3.5

1

6206

5558

Mother’s educational level

No formal education (ref)

Primary

0.1

00.1

1.1

0.8

1.4

1

8748

10,747

Secondary

0.1

00.3

1.1

0.6

1.9

1

11,355

12,382

Higher

−0.5

0.36

0.6

0.1

1.3

1

7021

1091

Health insurance

Yes (ref)

No*

0.78

0.27

2.2

1.3

3.8

1

7888

5393

Distance to health facility

Not long (ref)

Long *

1

0.12

2.7

2.2

3.5

1

6206

5558

Father’s educational level

No formal education (ref)

Primary

0.3

0.1

1.3

0.99

1.7

1

9386

12,115

Secondary

0.25

0.2

1.3

0.8

1.9

1

8416

10,409

Higher

0.1

0.3

1.1

0.6

2

1

9987

10,442

Household head

Male (ref)

Female*

−0.22

0.13

0.81

0.61

1.05

1

8669

6074

Media exposure

Yes (ref)

No

0.27

0.19

1.30

0.89

1.9

1

17,430

14,082

family members

= < 5(ref)

= > 6*

0.35

0.13

1.41

1.1

1.83

1

7623

5854

No of under five children

= < 2 (ref)

= > 3*

0.26

0.11

1.3

1.1

1.61

1

9026

5453

Source of drinking water

Improved (ref)

Not improved

−0.17

0.12

0.84

0.66

1.06

1

19,868

13,216

Child waste disposal

Safe (ref)

Not safe*

1.44

0.14

4.2

3.2

5.6

1

7238

5718

Type of toilet

Improved (ref)

Not improved

0.21

0.13

1.23

0.95

1.6

1

18,719

13,886

Random effect

\( {{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}_{{\boldsymbol{\mu}}_{\mathbf{0}}}}^{\mathbf{2}} \)

0.36

0.05

0.25

0.52

1

1500

2913

ICC

0.11

0.10

0.13

LOO

7931

WAIC

7904