Table 2 Association of vitamin D knowledge, attitudes and practices with gender
Variables | N (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | ||
Related to Knowledge about Vitamin D | |||
Knowledge about food sources | Â | Â | Â |
 Only correct | 22 (8.5) | 24 (13.1) | .1139 |
 Incorrect with/without correct | 238 (91.5) | 159 (86.9) |  |
Missing: 62 | Â | Â | Â |
Knowledge about health benefits | Â | Â | <.0001 |
 Bone benefits +/− other benefits | 160 (62.3) | 152 (82.0) |  |
 Other benefits only | 53 (20.6) | 16 (8.7) |  |
 Don’t know | 44 (17.1) | 17 (9.3) |  |
Missing: 65 | Â | Â | Â |
Knowledge about factors affecting Vitamin D | Â | Â | .0943 |
 Sun exposure and UV index with/without other factors | 117 (46.1) | 98 (54.4) |  |
 Only other factors | 91 (35.8) | 47 (26.1) |  |
 Don’t know | 46 (18.1) | 35 (19.4) |  |
Missing: 71 | Â | Â | Â |
Related to Attitudes towards Vitamin D | |||
Concerned current vitamin D levels may be too low | Â | Â | Â |
 Agree/strongly agree | 95 (40.4) | 85 (51.8) | .05 |
 Neutral | 92 (39.2) | 57 (34.8) |  |
 Disagree/strongly disagree | 48 (20.4) | 22 (13.4) |  |
Missing: 106 | Â | Â | Â |
From a health perspective, it is important to get some sun exposure every day | Â | Â | .103 |
 Agree/strongly agree | 177 (73.4) | 144 (82.3) |  |
 Neutral | 46 (19.1) | 23 (13.1) |  |
 Disagree/strongly disagree | 18 (7.5) | 8 (4.6) |  |
Missing: 89 | Â | Â | Â |
Related to Practices towards Vitamin D | |||
Vitamin D testing | Â | Â | .819 |
 Never tested | 191 (72.4) | 132 (73.3) |  |
 Ever tested | 73 (27.7) | 48 (26.7) |  |
Missing: 61 | Â | Â | Â |
Ever take supplements or multivitamin containing vitamin D | Â | Â | .003 |
 No | 152 (63.3) | 84 (48.6) |  |
 Yes | 88 (36.7) | 89 (51.5) |  |
Missing: 92 | Â | Â | Â |
Vitamin D dose of supplement | Â | Â | .002 |
  < 1000 IU | 48 (54.6) | 24 (28.2) |  |
 1000 IU and over | 5 (5.7) | 8 (9.4) |  |
 Don’t know | 35 (39.8) | 53 (62.4) |  |
Missing: 173 | Â | Â | Â |
Motivation for starting to take vitamin D | Â | Â | .083 |
 A doctor or health professional recommended | 31 (35.2) | 40 (47.1) |  |
 A friend or family member recommended | 14 (15.9) | 16 (18.8) |  |
 Read about vitamin D on the internet or in a book/magazine | 25 (28.4) | 11 (12.9) |  |
 Someone else in the family is taking it | 18 (20.5) | 18 (21.2) |  |
Missing: 338 | Â | Â | Â |
Primary reason for not taking vitamin D | Â | Â | .305 |
 Never thought about it | 94 (62.3) | 62 (73.8) |  |
 Feel that get enough vitamin D from my diet | 18 (11.9) | 8 (9.5) |  |
 Feel that get enough vitamin D from sun | 19 (12.6) | 8 (9.5) |  |
 Prefer not to take any supplements/vitamins | 20 (13.3) | 6 (7.1) |  |
Missing: 270 | Â | Â | Â |
Time spent outdoors on a typical workday | Â | Â | Â |
 15 min or less | 39 (14.6) | 40 (21.1) | .136 |
 16 min - < 1 h | 120 (44.9) | 72 (37.9) |  |
 1 h or more | 108 (40.5) | 78 (41.1) |  |
Missing: 48 | Â | Â | Â |
Time spent outdoors on a typical weekend day | Â | Â | <.0001 |
 15 min or less | 43 (16.0) | 75 (39.5) |  |
 16 min - < 1 h | 115 (42.9) | 68 (35.8) |  |
 1 h or more | 110 (41.0) | 47 (24.7) |  |
Missing: 47 | Â | Â | Â |
Sunscreen use | Â | Â | .196 |
 No | 153 (56.9) | 97 (50.8) |  |
 Yes | 116 (43.1) | 94 (49.2) |  |
Missing: 45 | Â | Â | Â |