Table 1 Comparison of health insurance currently available for rural-to-urban migrant workers
NCMS | URBMI | UEBMI | Early MWHI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Launch year | 2003 | 2007 | 1998 | 2006 |
Eligible conditions | ||||
Eligible population | Rural, employed/non-employed | Urban, non-employed | Urban/rural, employed/self-employed | rural in urban, employed |
contract | – | – | Necessary | Necessary |
Dependence on employee | – | – | Yes | Yes |
Coverage ratea | ||||
In flow-out area | 57.6% + 3.5% | 3.4% + 3.5% | 3.0% | < 0.7% |
In flow-in area | 6.7% + 1.4% | 3.7% + 1.4% | 18.6% | < 1.5% |
Total | 64.7% + 4.9% | 7.2% + 4.9% | 21.9% | < 2.2% |
Insurance typeb | Limited-duration health insurance | Limited-duration health insurance | Limited-payment whole-life health insurance | Limited-duration health insurance |
Guarantee period | The following one year | The following one year | The following one year and future | The following one year |
Account type | Risk-sharing account | Risk-sharing account | Individual account + risk-sharing account | Risk-sharing account |
Financing strategy [6] | ||||
Minimum financing unit | Family | Family | Employed: employee + employer Self-employed: individual | Employed: employee or + employer Self-employed: individual |
Financing contribution rate | Family: 20% Government subsidy:80% | Family: 30% Government subsidy:70% | 8% of payroll Employed: employee: 2% employer: 6% Self-employed: 8% | Low |
Total financing amount per unit (RMB/year) | NA | NA | 3485 * 12 * 8% = 3345.6 | Low |
Bundled with other welfare programs | NA | NA | Pension insurance On-the-job injury insurance Unemployment insurance Maternity insurance Urban Minimum Standard Living Allowance Program Housing provident fund | Yes or no |
Employer’s total contribution rate [38] | – | – | Approximately 30% | Low |
Employee or individual’s total contribution rate [38] | – | – | Employed: Approximately 10%Self-employed: 8% | Low |
Total amount of burden for funders per unit (RMB/year/people) c | Family: 220 Government subsidy: 490 | Family: 220 Government subsidy: 490 | Employed: employee: 3485 * 12 * 10% = 4182 employer: 3485 * 12 * 30% = 12,546 Self-employed: 3485 * 12 * 8% = 3345.6 | Low |
Covered services | flow-out area: Outpatient + Inpatient flow-in area: Inpatient | Outpatient + Inpatient | Outpatient + Inpatient | Inpatient |
Matching with RUMWs’ health need | Mismatch | Match | Match | Mismatch |
Geographic consistency for RUMWs | geographically separated | geographically consistent | geographically consistent | geographically consistent |
Low | Low | Quite low | No | |
Employee | – | – | High | Low |
Government | Low | Low | High | – |