Table 1 Baseline analysis of participant’s sociodemographic and household characteristics, family factors and adherence self-efficacy
| Variable | Total Sample % (N = 702) | Control Condition % (n = 344) | Treatment Condition % (n = 358) | t test/χ2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean, SD) (min/max:10–16) | 12.4 (1.98) | 12.3 (1.93) | 12.4 (1.97) | 0.85 |
| Gender (female child) | 56.4 | 56.1 | 56.7 | 0.07 |
| Orphanhood status | 0.70 | |||
| Single orphan | 38.04 | 38.66 | 38.55 | |
| Double orphan | 37.04 | 35.76 | 38.27 | |
| Non-orphan | 24.36 | 25.58 | 23.18 | |
| Primary caregiver | 0.133 | |||
| Biological parent | 46.29 | 43.60 | 50.00 | |
| Grand parent(s) | 27.56 | 30.63 | 30.32 | |
| Other relatives | 26.16 | 26.74 | 20.95 | |
| Household composition (mean, SD) | ||||
| Total number of people in the household) (min/max: 2–18) | 5.7 (2.6) | 5.8 (2.4) | 5.7 (2.6) | 0.68 |
| Total number of children in the household) (min/max:1–14) | 2.3(1.9) | 2.4 (1.8) | 2.3(2.1) | 0.42 |
| Enrolled in school (yes) | 87.32% | 87.50 | 87.15 | 0.89 |
| HIV status disclosure | 0.38 | |||
| Never | 32.34 | 31.40 | 33.24 | |
| Sometimes | 16.67 | 15.7 | 17.60 | |
| About half the time | 5.98 | 7.27 | 4.75 | |
| Most of the time | 12.82 | 14.53 | 11.17 | |
| Always | 32.19 | 31.10 | 33.24 | |
| HIV medication regimen | 0.091 | |||
| 1 time per day | 22.8 | 26.2 | 19.6 | |
| 2 times per day | 53.6 | 52.2 | 55.0 | |
| 3 times per day | 23.5 | 21.6 | 25.4 | |
| Family support measures (mean, SD) | ||||
| Child-caregiver communication (min/=max:10–50) | 21.1 (7.6) | 20.8 (7.5) | 21.4(7.8) | 0.24 |
| Family cohesion (min/max:12–40) | 31.8(6.73) | 31.43(6.72) | 32.07(6.74) | 0.22 |
| Perceived child-caregiver support (min/max: 18–70) | 46.5(10.31) | 46.37(10.42) | 46.62(10.21) | 0.75 |
| Adherence self-efficacy (min/max: 20–120) | 94.28 (23.25) | 95.24 (23.5) | 93.35 (23.01) | 0.28 |