Table 1 Participant Demographics and Survey Responses (N = 646)a
From: Social networks and obesity among Somali immigrants and refugees
Measurement | Female (N = 278) | Male (N = 364) | Total (N = 646) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD), y | 39.4 (16.2) | 36.0 (17.0) | 37.5 (16.7) |
Formal schooling completed, No. (%) | |||
 ≤ 8 grades | 124 (45) | 41 (11) | 165 (26) |
 Some high school | 23 (8) | 41 (11) | 64 (10) |
 High school or general equivalency diploma | 60 (22) | 134 (37) | 194 (30) |
 Some college or technical school | 49 (18) | 98 (27) | 147 (23) |
 College or advanced degree | 19 (7) | 49 (13) | 68 (11) |
Annual family income, $, No. (%) | |||
 0–9999 | 130 (47) | 130 (36) | 260 (41) |
 10,000-19,999 | 49 (18) | 53 (15) | 102 (16) |
 20,000-29,000 | 53 (19) | 61 (17) | 114 (18) |
 30,000-49,999 | 31 (11) | 80 (22) | 111 (18) |
 ≥ 50,000 | 12 (4) | 34 (9) | 46 (7) |
Health insurance in past 12 mo, No. (%) | |||
 Yes | 263 (95) | 313 (86) | 576 (90) |
 No | 13 (5) | 50 (14) | 63 (10) |
Country of birth, No. (%) | |||
 United States | 14 (5) | 31 (9) | 45 (7) |
 Other | 255 (595) | 319 (91) | 574 (93) |
English language proficiency, No. (%) | |||
 Not at all | 34 (13) | 22 (6) | 56 (9) |
 Not very well | 94 (35) | 59 (16) | 153 (24) |
 Well | 72 (26) | 121 (34) | 193 (31) |
 Very well | 72 (26) | 158 (44) | 230 (36) |
Body mass index, mean (SD) | 28.1 (6.1) | 25.1 (4.7) | 26.4 (5.5) |
 Normal weight (BMI 18.5 < 25), No. (%) | 97 (35) | 211 (59) | 308 (49) |
 Overweight (BMI 25 < 30), No. (%) | 86 (31) | 97 (27) | 183 (29) |
 Obese, No. (%) | 92 (33) | 52 (14) | 144 (23) |
Dietary behaviors | |||
 Do you drink regular soda? No. (%) | |||
  No | 134 (49) | 106 (29) | 240 (38) |
  Sometimes | 108 (39) | 174 (48) | 282 (44) |
  Often | 23 (8) | 53 (15) | 76 (12) |
  Every day | 11 (4) | 29 (8) | 40 (6) |
 Do you drink fruit drinks, punch, or sports drinks? No. (%) | |||
  No | 122 (44) | 67 (19) | 189 (30) |
  Sometimes | 79 (29) | 146 (41) | 225 (35) |
  Often | 63 (23) | 101 (28) | 164 (26) |
  Every day | 13 (5) | 46 (13) | 59 (9) |
 No. of servings of vegetables daily, mean (SD) | 2.2 (1.3) | 2.2 (2.1) | 2.2 (1.7) |
 No. of servings of fruit daily, mean (SD) | 2.3 (1.3) | 2.2 (2.0) | 2.2 (1.8) |
Physical activity,b No. (%) | |||
 Low | 71 (26) | 48 (14) | 119 (19) |
 Moderate | 109 (40) | 104 (29) | 213 (34) |
 High | 94 (34) | 202 (57) | 296 (47) |
Self-efficacy for healthy diet, mean (SD)c | 4.2 (0.9) | 3.9 (1.0) | 4.0 (0.99) |
Self-efficacy for physical activity, mean (SD)c | 4.1 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.0) | 4.1 (0.97) |
Social support for healthy diet, mean (SD)d | 3.7 (0.9) | 3.2 (0.9) | 3.4 (0.9) |
Social cohesion, mean (SD)e | 5.9 (0.8) | 5.9 (1.1) | 5.9 (1.0) |
Social norms for obesogenic behaviors, mean (SD)d | 2.0 (1.0) | 2.4 (1.1) | 2.2 (1.1) |
Social norms for weight loss, mean (SD)d | 2.2 (0.8) | 2.1 (0.9) | 2.2 (0.8) |
How likely are you to try to lose weight in the next 3 months? No. (%) | |||
 Very unlikely or unlikely | 5 (3) | 14 (9) | 19 (4) |
 Neither likely nor unlikely | 24 (13) | 33 (20) | 57 (17) |
 Very likely or likely | 149 (84) | 116 (71) | 265 (78) |