Table 1 Expected Costs and Benefits of Silica Exposure Reduction Interventions

Protected workers^a

100%

100%

100%

60%

100%

40%

100%

Lung cancer cases averted^b

107

95

102

55

101

40

96

 Direct

$9.5 M

$8.4 M

$9.0 M

$4.9 M

$8.9 M

$3.5 M

$8.6 M

 Indirect

$41.2 M

$36.6 M

$39.3 M

$21.1 M

$38.8 M

$15.3 M

$37.1 M

 Intangible

$133.9 M

$119.1 M

$127.6 M

$68.6 M

$126.0 M

$49.7 M

$120.7 M

Total

$184.5 M

$164.2 M

$175.9 M

$94.5 M

$173.8 M

$68.5 M

$166.4 M

 WM^c

-$42.0 M

-$42.0 M

-$42.0 M

-$42.0 M

$0

$0

$0

 LEV^d

-$15.5 M

-$15.5 M

$0

$0

-$15.5 M

-$15.5 M

$0

 PPE^e

-$81.1 M

$0

-$81.1 M

$0

-$81.1 M

$0

-$81.1 M

Total

-$138.6 M

-$57.6 M

-$123.1 M

-$42.0 M

-$96.6 M

-$15.5 M

-$81.1 M

Net benefit^f

$45.9 M

$106.6 M

$52.8 M

$52.5 M

$77.2

$53.0 M

$85.3 M

Benefit to cost ratio^g

1.3

2.9

1.4

2.2

1.8

4.4

2.1