Table 2 Socio-demographic characteristics of Umrah pilgrims (n = 350)
Variables | Mean (SD) | Frequency | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age | 43.85 (15.80) | ||
Gender | |||
Male | 110 | 37.4 | |
Female | 184 | 62.6 | |
Ethnicity | |||
Malay | 289 | 98.7 | |
Chinese | 0 | 0 | |
Indian | 1 | 0.3 | |
Others | 3 | 1.0 | |
Marital status | |||
Single | 85 | 28.9 | |
Married | 198 | 67.4 | |
Divorced/widowed | 11 | 3.7 | |
Occupation | |||
Student | 20 | 6.8 | |
Civil servant | 76 | 26.0 | |
Private sector | 92 | 31.5 | |
Pensioner | 45 | 15.6 | |
Housewife | 32 | 10.9 | |
Self-employed | 27 | 9.2 | |
Highest level of education | |||
PhD | 4 | 1.4 | |
Master’s degree | 20 | 6.8 | |
Bachelor’s degree | 58 | 19.7 | |
Diploma | 93 | 31.6 | |
Secondary school | 107 | 36.4 | |
Primary school | 12 | 4.1 | |
History of vaccination | |||
Meningococcal vaccine | 111 | 37.8 | |
Influenza (flu) vaccine | 52 | 17.7 | |
Pneumococcal vaccine | 25 | 8.5 | |
Presence of Co-morbidities | |||
Chronic lung disease | 4 | 1.4 | |
Neuromuscular disease | 10 | 3.4 | |
Allergic rhinitis | 5 | 1.7 | |
Diabetes | 21 | 7.1 | |
Hypertension | 46 | 15.6 | |
Heart disease | 8 | 2.7 | |
Chronic kidney disease | 2 | 0.7 | |
Immune deficiency disorders | 1 | 0.3 | |