| Men (N = 1200) | Women (N = 1191) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Prevalence n (%) | p-value | Median (IQR) | N | Prevalence n (%) | p-value | Median (IQR) | |
Age group | Â | Â | 0.004* | Â | Â | Â | 0.06 | Â |
 18–29 years | 446 | 38 (9.5) |  | 1.1 (0.5) | 453 | 85 (17.5) |  | 1.3 (0.7) |
 30–39 years | 409 | 62 (16.8) |  | 1.2 (0.7) | 395 | 93 (22.4) |  | 1.4 (0.7) |
 40–49 years | 345 | 70 (20.9) |  | 1.4 (0.8) | 343 | 93 (25.4) |  | 1.5 (0.8) |
Residence | Â | Â | 0.21 | Â | Â | Â | 0.04* | Â |
Rural | 627 | 91 (17.3) | Â | 1.2 (0.6) | 621 | 119 (17.2) | Â | 1.3 (0.7) |
 Urban | 573 | 79 (12.9) |  | 1.2 (0.7) | 570 | 152 (26.1) |  | 1.4 (0.9) |
Marital status | Â | Â | 0.009* | Â | Â | Â | 0.09 | Â |
 Single | 326 | 28 (9.8) |  | 1.1 (0.5) | 249 | 55 (23.6) |  | 1.3 (0.6) |
 Married | 854 | 136 (16.6) |  | 1.3 (0.7) | 873 | 191 (19.4) |  | 1.4 (0.8) |
 Separate/ divorced/widow | 20 | 6 (28.1) |  | 1.4 (0.9) | 69 | 25 (35.7) |  | 1.7 (0.7) |
Years of schoolingb | Â | Â | 0.03* | Â | Â | Â | 0.002* | Â |
  >  11 years | 200 | 23 (9.8) |  | 1.1 (0.5) | 181 | 31 (14.0) |  | 1.2 (0.6) |
 6–11 years | 602 | 75 (13.7) |  | 1.2 (0.6) | 527 | 101 (17.7) |  | 1.3 (0.7) |
  ≤5 years | 398 | 72 (19.0) |  | 1.4 (0.8) | 483 | 139 (27.9) |  | 1.5 (0.8) |
Occupationc | Â | Â | 0.29 | Â | Â | Â | 0.43 | Â |
 Dependent/ students/ housewife | 56 | 3 (8.7) |  | 1.2 (0.5) | 553 | 131 (22.3) |  | 1.4 (0.8) |
 Unskilled worker | 597 | 95 (17.2) |  | 1.3 (0.7) | 159 | 42 (26.0) |  | 1.5 (0.7) |
 Government/non-government staff | 182 | 23 (14.8) |  | 1.1 (0.5) | 109 | 24 (18.9) |  | 1.3 (0.7) |
 Small own business | 365 | 49 (11.9) |  | 1.2 (0.5) | 370 | 74 (18.3) |  | 1.3 (0.7) |
Income level (USD)d | Â | Â | 0.001** | Â | Â | Â | 0.32 | Â |
  > 3.1 | 186 | 16 (7.6) |  | 1.1 (0.3) | 286 | 51 (17.3) |  | 1.3 (0.6) |
 1.9–3.09 | 260 | 29 (9.1) |  | 1.2 (0.6) | 318 | 72 (21.2) |  | 1.3 (0.8) |
  < 1.9 | 752 | 125 (19.3) |  | 1.3 (0.8) | 584 | 148 (23.3) |  | 1.4 (0.7) |
Number of children | Â | Â | 0.001** | Â | Â | Â | 0.001** | Â |
 No child | 162 | 19 (11.2) |  | 1.1 (0.4) | 112 | 17 (10.4) |  | 1.3 (0.7) |
 1–4 children | 501 | 66 (13.3) |  | 1.2 (0.7) | 552 | 102 (15.3) |  | 1.3 (0.7) |
  > 5 children | 211 | 57 (29.8) |  | 1.6 (0.8) | 278 | 97 (34.5) |  | 1.6 (0.7) |
Migration | Â | Â | 0.03* | Â | Â | Â | 0.04* | Â |
 No | 1071 | 148 (14.0) |  | 1.2 (0.7) | 1038 | 225 (20.2) |  | 1.4 (0.8) |
 Yes | 129 | 22 (21.2) |  | 1.4 (0.7) | 153 | 46 (27.9) |  | 1.5 (0.8) |
Family member | Â | Â | 0.001** | Â | Â | Â | 0.01* | Â |
  < 4 | 682 | 75 (11.2) |  | 1.1 (0.5) | 699 | 138 (17.5) |  | 1.3 (0.7) |
  > 4 | 518 | 95 (20.1) |  | 1.3 (0.8) | 492 | 133 (26.8) |  | 1.4 (0.8) |
Household Debt | Â | Â | 0.008* | Â | Â | Â | 0.001** | Â |
 No | 517 | 58 (11.2) |  | 1.1 (0.5) | 476 | 75 (14.8) |  | 1.2 (0.6) |
 Yes | 679 | 111 (17.9) |  | 1.3 (0.7) | 713 | 196 (25.9) |  | 1.5 (0.8) |
General Health Status | Â | Â | 0.004* | Â | Â | Â | 0.001** | Â |
 Good | 868 | 98 (12.5) |  | 1.1 (0.5) | 627 | 108 (16.5) |  | 1.2 (0.6) |
  Poor | 332 | 72 (20.7) |  | 1.4 (0.7) | 564 | 163 (26.6) |  | 1.5 (0.7) |
Impairmente | Â | Â | 0.007* | Â | Â | Â | 0.04* | Â |
 No | 697 | 78 (11.6) |  | 1.1 (0.5) | 510 | 89 (17.6) |  | 1.2 (0.6) |
 Yes | 503 | 92 (19.4) |  | 1.4 (0.7) | 681 | 182 (24.0) |  | 1.5 (0.7) |
Musculoskeletal disorder | Â | Â | 0.001** | Â | Â | Â | 0.001** | Â |
 no pain site | 349 | 21 (5.8) |  | 1.1 (0.4) | 127 | 18 (10.4) |  | 1 (0.3) |
 1–2 pain sites | 564 | 80 (13.6) |  | 1.2 (0.7) | 610 | 111 (17.3) |  | 1.3 (0.7) |
 3–5 pain sites | 287 | 69 (27.2) |  | 1.5 (0.8) | 454 | 142 (29.6) |  | 1.5 (0.7) |
Work loss day due to pain | Â | Â | 0.13 | Â | Â | Â | 0.02* | Â |
 No | 96 | 11 (11.2) |  | 1.1 (0.4) | 60 | 6 (9.7) |  | 1.1 (0.3) |
 Yes | 755 | 138 (18.9) |  | 1.3 (0.8) | 1004 | 247 (23.4) |  | 1.4 (0.7) |
Experienced traumatic event | Â | Â | 0.05* | Â | Â | Â | 0.001** | Â |
 No | 859 | 108 (13.1) |  | 1.2 (0.6) | 970 | 200 (19.1) |  | 1.3 (0.7) |
 Yes | 341 | 62 (18.9) |  | 1.3 (0.8) | 221 | 71 (30.5) |  | 1.5 (0.8) |
Domestic violence | Â | Â | 0.002* | Â | Â | Â | 0.001** | Â |
 No | 624 | 71 (11.4) |  | 1.1 (0.4) | 513 | 71 (14.3) |  | 1.2 (0.6) |
 Yes | 576 | 99 (18.4) |  | 1.4 (0.7) | 678 | 200 (26.6) |  | 1.5 (0.8) |