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Table 2 Characteristics of women by race/nationality (n = 610)

From: Relationship between sleep and obesity among U.S. and South Korean college students

Demographics and Health Behaviors Whites
(n = 98) 		Blacks
(n = 290) 		Koreans
(n = 222) 		p value
% % %
Years in undergraduate school     <.001
 1 year 6.1 43.1 21.8  
 2 years 6.1 27.8 30.0  
 3 years 33.7 17.0 26.4  
 4 years 40.8 9.0 19.6  
 ≥ 5 years 13.3 3.1 2.3  
General health     <.001
 Excellent 8.2 4.5 5.4  
 Very good 37.8 22.5 21.6  
 Good 43.9 47.1 30.2  
 Fair 9.2 21.1 35.6  
 Poor 1.0 4.8 7.2  
Body mass indexa     <.001
 Underweight 1.0 1.4 8.6  
 Normal weight 60.2 44.8 66.7  
 Overweight 25.5 25.5 12.6  
 Obesity 13.3 28.3 12.2  
Sleep durationb     .450
 Short sleep (< 7 h/night) 53.1 59.3 51.8  
 Normal sleep (7–9 h/night) 38.8 34.8 41.9  
 Long sleep (> 9 h/night) 8.2 5.9 6.3  
Having trouble sleeping 25.5 19.3 6.8 <.001
Having a sleep disorder 1.0 5.5 3.6 .136
Depression 42.7 41.7 52.7 .038
Current smoker 2.0 1.7 4.6 .140
Alcohol use in last 30 days     <.001
 0 days 12.2 42.4 14.0  
 1–9 days 54.1 49.0 60.4  
 ≥ 10 days 33.7 8.6 25.7  
Daily fruits and vegetables intake     .002
 0 servings 5.1 10.3 13.5  
 1–2 servings 58.2 66.9 68.9  
 ≥ 3 servings 36.7 22.8 17.6  
Weekly moderate-intensity exercise for ≥10 min     .060
 0 days 12.2 25.9 25.7  
 1–2 days 35.7 30.3 27.5  
 ≥ 3 days 52.0 43.8 46.9  
Weekly vigorous-intensity exercise for ≥10 min     <.001
 0 days 22.5 41.7 39.2  
 1–2 days 22.5 28.6 28.4  
 ≥ 3 days 55.1 29.7 32.4  
  Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) p value
Days of getting enough sleep to feel rested in the morning in past 7 days 2.80 (2.17)b,c 2.83 (2.09)b 2.28 (1.63)c <.05
  1. The percentages may not add up to 100% because of no responses or rounding errors
  2. Only one category for dichotomous variables is presented to eliminate redundancy in the table
  3. aUnderweight (BMI < 18.5), normal (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25.0), overweight (25.0 ≤ BMI < 30.0), and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0) for whites and blacks. Underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal (18.5 ≤ BMI < 23.0), overweight (23.0 ≤ BMI < 25.0), and obese (BMI ≥ 25.0) for Koreans
  4. P values are based on a chi-square test for categorical variables and an ANOVA for continuous data. b-c Values with different superscripts were significantly different across racial/national groups in the Scheffe test after ANOVA
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