|
Variable /Category
|
Model 3 of places of residence
|
|---|
|
Rural (n = 7920)
|
Urban formal (n = 2087)
|
Slum (n = 1836)
|
|---|
|
Adjusted Odd ratio / (95% C.I)
|
Adjusted Odd ratio / (95% C.I)
|
Adjusted Odd ratio / (95% C.I)
|
|---|
|
CHILD
|
|
Birth order
|
|
> =6
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
1
|
1.30 (0.81,2.08)
|
2.43 (1.01,5.87)
|
5.39 (1.37,21.29)
|
|
2–3
|
1.15 (0.78,1.68)
|
1.50 (0.72,3.12)
|
3.00 (1.00,9.13)
|
|
4–5
|
0.94 (0.66,1.34)
|
1.38 (0.69,2.75)
|
2.05 (0.78,5.40)
|
|
Place of delivery
|
|
Home
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Health facility
|
1.47 (1.12,1.94)
|
2.62 (1.43,4.79)
|
5.39 (2.18,13.33)
|
|
Antenatal attendance
|
|
No
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Yes
|
8.37 (5.34,13.12)
|
6.82 (2.29,20.34)
|
8.07 (2.15,30.25)
|
|
Don’t know
|
5.07 (3.06,8.41)
|
2.89 (0.94,8.88)
|
5.19 (1.21,22.37)
|
|
HOUSEHOLD
|
|
Maternal education level
|
|
No education
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Primary
|
1.67 (1.19,2.35)
|
1.77 (0.83,3.79)
|
2.48 (1.02,6.05)
|
|
Secondary
|
2.49 (1.68,3.69)
|
4.57 (1.94,10.79)
|
4.46 (1.68,11.82)
|
|
Higher
|
4.99 (2.48,10.06)
|
9.18 (3.05,27.64)
|
5.03 (1.52,16.65)
|
|
Sex of Household head
|
|
Male
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Female
|
1.09 (0.76,1.54)
|
1.04 (0.60,1.94)
|
1.55 (0.62,3.86)
|
|
Religion
|
|
Islam
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Christian
|
2.63 (1.79,3.86)
|
1.59 (0.89,2.86)
|
5.69 (2.09,15.45)
|
|
Traditionalist/ others
|
0.20 (0.09,0.45)
|
0.40 (0.10,1.18)
|
0.28 (0.09,0.88)
|
|
Mother employment status
|
|
No
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Yes
|
1.16 (0.81,1.67)
|
1.78 (0.80,3.98)
|
0.41 (0.13,1.30)
|
|
Maternal age at the child’s birth
|
|
14–19
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
20–29
|
1.76 (1.17,2.66)
|
5.25 (1.86,14.85)
|
2.18 (0.70,6.84)
|
|
30–39
|
2.19 (1.32,3.63)
|
6.64 (2.03,21.75)
|
2.63 (0.66,10.53)
|
|
40–49
|
2.05 (1.02,4.13)
|
9.87 (2.01,48.59)
|
5.40 (0.80,36.48)
|
|
Current marital status
|
|
Never married
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Married/partner
|
0.80 (0.42,1.54)
|
1.48 (0.42,5.22)
|
0.19 (0.03,1.33)
|
|
No longer together
|
1.14 (0.47,2.78)
|
2.93 (0.52,16.60)
|
0.05 (0.03,0.82)
|
|
Decision maker on spending of mothers income
|
|
No income mother /missing
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Mother alone
|
1.05 (0.73,1.50)
|
1.04 (0.48,2.26)
|
4.52 (1.34,15.30)
|
|
mother& spouse
|
1.42 (0.94,2.15)
|
0.65 (0.27,1.56)
|
3.00 (0.82,10.97)
|
|
spouse alone
|
0.80 (0.48,1.36)
|
0.43 (0.15,1.20)
|
2.17 (0.51,9.15)
|
|
Media exposure
|
|
No
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Yes
|
1.91 (1.43,2.54)
|
1.35 (0.65,2.79)
|
2.49 (0.95,6.53)
|
|
Household wealth
|
|
Poor
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Moderate
|
1.16 (0.91,1.48)
|
0.80 (0.50,1.27)
|
0.89 (0.51,1.57)
|
|
Rich
|
1.41 (0.87,2.29)
|
0.70 (0.32,1.53)
|
1.83 (0.22,15.58)
|
|
COMMUNITY
|
|
Region
|
|
Northcentral
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
Northeast
|
0.61 (0.39,0.95)
|
0.56 (0.20,1.55)
|
0.21 (0.07,0.66)
|
|
Northwest
|
0.26 (0.16,0.44)
|
0.85 (0.33,2.14)
|
0.20 (0.06,0.67)
|
|
Southeast
|
1.15 (0.70,1.92)
|
3.01 (1.19,7.57)
|
0.37 (0.11,1.21)
|
|
Southsouth
|
1.73 (1.11,2.71)
|
5.61 (1.88,16.71)
|
0.41 (0.13,1.21)
|
|
Southwest
|
0.85 (0.51,1.43)
|
1.12 (0.54,2.33)
|
0.88 (0.34,2.31)
|
|
Distance to nearest Health Facility
|
|
Big problem
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
No/Not a big problem
|
1.76 (1.35,2.29)
|
1.77 (0.99,3.17)
|
2.21 (0.95,5.13)
|
|
Household variance (S.E)
|
0.104(0.164)
|
0.003(0.141)
|
0.131 (0.277)
|
|
Household ICC
|
0.245
|
0.090
|
0.098
|
|
Community variance (S.E)
|
0.212(0.135)*
|
0.343 (.123)*
|
0.374 (0.139)
|
|
Community ICC
|
0.200
|
0.095
|
0.133
|
|
Goodness of fit- AIC
|
5457
|
2185
|
1941
|
- S.E standard error; AIC Akaike information criterion; ICC Intra Class Correlation; C.I Confidence interval:*p- Value < 0.05
