| Variable /Category | Model 3 of places of residence |
|---|
| Rural (n = 7920) | Urban formal (n = 2087) | Slum (n = 1836) |
|---|
| Adjusted Odd ratio / (95% C.I) | Adjusted Odd ratio / (95% C.I) | Adjusted Odd ratio / (95% C.I) |
|---|
| CHILD |
| Birth order |
| > =6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 1.30 (0.81,2.08) | 2.43 (1.01,5.87) | 5.39 (1.37,21.29) |
| 2–3 | 1.15 (0.78,1.68) | 1.50 (0.72,3.12) | 3.00 (1.00,9.13) |
| 4–5 | 0.94 (0.66,1.34) | 1.38 (0.69,2.75) | 2.05 (0.78,5.40) |
| Place of delivery |
| Home | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Health facility | 1.47 (1.12,1.94) | 2.62 (1.43,4.79) | 5.39 (2.18,13.33) |
| Antenatal attendance |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 8.37 (5.34,13.12) | 6.82 (2.29,20.34) | 8.07 (2.15,30.25) |
| Don’t know | 5.07 (3.06,8.41) | 2.89 (0.94,8.88) | 5.19 (1.21,22.37) |
| HOUSEHOLD |
| Maternal education level |
| No education | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Primary | 1.67 (1.19,2.35) | 1.77 (0.83,3.79) | 2.48 (1.02,6.05) |
| Secondary | 2.49 (1.68,3.69) | 4.57 (1.94,10.79) | 4.46 (1.68,11.82) |
| Higher | 4.99 (2.48,10.06) | 9.18 (3.05,27.64) | 5.03 (1.52,16.65) |
| Sex of Household head |
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 1.09 (0.76,1.54) | 1.04 (0.60,1.94) | 1.55 (0.62,3.86) |
| Religion |
| Islam | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Christian | 2.63 (1.79,3.86) | 1.59 (0.89,2.86) | 5.69 (2.09,15.45) |
| Traditionalist/ others | 0.20 (0.09,0.45) | 0.40 (0.10,1.18) | 0.28 (0.09,0.88) |
| Mother employment status |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.16 (0.81,1.67) | 1.78 (0.80,3.98) | 0.41 (0.13,1.30) |
| Maternal age at the child’s birth |
| 14–19 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 20–29 | 1.76 (1.17,2.66) | 5.25 (1.86,14.85) | 2.18 (0.70,6.84) |
| 30–39 | 2.19 (1.32,3.63) | 6.64 (2.03,21.75) | 2.63 (0.66,10.53) |
| 40–49 | 2.05 (1.02,4.13) | 9.87 (2.01,48.59) | 5.40 (0.80,36.48) |
| Current marital status |
| Never married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Married/partner | 0.80 (0.42,1.54) | 1.48 (0.42,5.22) | 0.19 (0.03,1.33) |
| No longer together | 1.14 (0.47,2.78) | 2.93 (0.52,16.60) | 0.05 (0.03,0.82) |
| Decision maker on spending of mothers income |
| No income mother /missing | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Mother alone | 1.05 (0.73,1.50) | 1.04 (0.48,2.26) | 4.52 (1.34,15.30) |
| mother& spouse | 1.42 (0.94,2.15) | 0.65 (0.27,1.56) | 3.00 (0.82,10.97) |
| spouse alone | 0.80 (0.48,1.36) | 0.43 (0.15,1.20) | 2.17 (0.51,9.15) |
| Media exposure |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.91 (1.43,2.54) | 1.35 (0.65,2.79) | 2.49 (0.95,6.53) |
| Household wealth |
| Poor | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 1.16 (0.91,1.48) | 0.80 (0.50,1.27) | 0.89 (0.51,1.57) |
| Rich | 1.41 (0.87,2.29) | 0.70 (0.32,1.53) | 1.83 (0.22,15.58) |
| COMMUNITY |
| Region |
| Northcentral | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Northeast | 0.61 (0.39,0.95) | 0.56 (0.20,1.55) | 0.21 (0.07,0.66) |
| Northwest | 0.26 (0.16,0.44) | 0.85 (0.33,2.14) | 0.20 (0.06,0.67) |
| Southeast | 1.15 (0.70,1.92) | 3.01 (1.19,7.57) | 0.37 (0.11,1.21) |
| Southsouth | 1.73 (1.11,2.71) | 5.61 (1.88,16.71) | 0.41 (0.13,1.21) |
| Southwest | 0.85 (0.51,1.43) | 1.12 (0.54,2.33) | 0.88 (0.34,2.31) |
| Distance to nearest Health Facility |
| Big problem | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No/Not a big problem | 1.76 (1.35,2.29) | 1.77 (0.99,3.17) | 2.21 (0.95,5.13) |
| Household variance (S.E) | 0.104(0.164) | 0.003(0.141) | 0.131 (0.277) |
| Household ICC | 0.245 | 0.090 | 0.098 |
| Community variance (S.E) | 0.212(0.135)* | 0.343 (.123)* | 0.374 (0.139) |
| Community ICC | 0.200 | 0.095 | 0.133 |
| Goodness of fit- AIC | 5457 | 2185 | 1941 |
- S.E standard error; AIC Akaike information criterion; ICC Intra Class Correlation; C.I Confidence interval:*p- Value < 0.05
