Table 7 Multilevel logistic regression analysis of individual and community-level factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices among children aged 0–23 months in the emerging regions of Ethiopia, EDHS 2016 (n = 1406)

 Literate

46

175

1

1

1

 Illiterate

201

984

0.75 (0.52–1.10)

0.76 (0.48–1.19)

0.83 (0.52–1.34)

 Not employed

212

869

1

1

1

 Employed

35

290

0.45 (0.30–0.68)

0.45 (0.29–0.67)

0.33 (0.21–0.53) *

 Poorest

159

711

1

1

1

 Poorer

22

137

0.69 (0.42–1.13)

0.75 (0.44–1.26)

0.59 (0.33–1.05)

 Middle

19

82

1.03 (0.60–1.77)

1.08 (0.60–1.94)

0.56 (0.24–1.32)

 Richer

19

81

1.03 (0.59–1.78)

0.88 (0.49–1.58)

0.39 (0.16–0.96) *

 Richest

28

148

0.84 (0.53–1.34)

0.65 (0.37–1.14)

0.62 (0.32–1.19)

 Muslim

166

845

1

1

1

 Protestant

47

201

1.19 (0.82–1.74)

1.31 (0.86–1.99)

1.17 (0.61–2.24)

 Orthodox

25

84

1.50 (0.92–2.47)

1.59 (0.92–2.76)

0.99 (0.52–1.89)

 Others

9

29

1.62 (0.73–3.58)

2.09 (0.90–4.82)

1.69 (0.66–4.35)

 No

101

518

1

1

1

 1–3

76

362

1.08 (0.77–1.51)

1.28 (0.90–1.84)

1.29 (0.90–1.86)

 4+

70

279

1.27 (0.90–1.81)

1.53 (1.01–2.30)

1.31 (0.86–2.02)

 Large

65

307

1

1

1

 Average

98

481

0.97 (0.68–1.37)

1.00 (0.69–1.44)

1.05 (0.72–1.53)

 Small

84

371

1.08 (0.75–1.56)

1.19 (0.81–1.76)

1.30 (0.86–1.98)

 One

44

197

1

1

1

 Two

54

211

1.13 (0.72–1.78)

1.26 (0.78–2.02)

1.23 (0.76–2.00)

 Three

33

199

0.73 (0.44–1.21)

0.83 (0.49–1.41)

0.83 (0.47–1.41)

 Four

36

161

0.98 (0.60–1.62)

1.09 (0.65–1.85)

1.06 (0.62–1.82)

 Five

29

120

1.06 (0.62–1.81)

1.13 (0.64–1.99)

1.06 (0.59–1.91)

 Six and above

51

271

0.84 (0.53–1.32)

0.96 (0.58–1.58)

0.83 (0.49–1.40)

 Wants

187

924

1

1

1

 Undecided

18

50

1.79 (1.01–3.19)

1.97 (1.09–3.58)

2.29 (1.21–4.29) *

 Wants no more

42

185

1.09 (0.75–1.60)

1.13 (0.74–1.72)

0.90 (0.56–1.44)

 No

233

988

1

1

1

 Yes

14

171

0.34 (0.19–0.60)

0.37 (0.21–0.69)

0.31 (0.16–0.61) *

 No

231

1002

1

1

1

 Yes

16

157

0.43 (0.25–0.75)

0.63 (0.33–1.17)

0.69 (0.36–1.33)

 No

228

980

1

1

1

 Yes

19

179

0.45 (0.27–0.75)

0.72 (0.39–1.32)

0.71 (0.37–1.34)

 Afar

61

297

1

1

1

 Somali

71

425

0.81 (0.55–1.19)

0.84 (0.56–1.26)

0.99 (0.65–1.53)

 Benishangul

75

232

1.58 (1.06–2.36)

1.64 (1.06–2.52)

2.63 (1.44–4.82) *

 Gambela

40

205

0.94 (0.60–1.48)

0.88 (0.54–1.43)

1.04 (0.48–2.26)

 Poor

192

934

1

1

1

 Middle

20

100

0.96 (0.57–1.61)

0.87 (0.51–1.49)

1.31 (0.62–2.76)

 Rich

35

125

1.34 (0.88–2.04)

1.15 (0.74–1.80)

2.05 (0.96–4.40)

 No

101

423

1

1

1

 Yes

136

687

0.81 (0.60–1.09)

0.80 (0.59–1.07)

0.82 (0.60–1.11)