|
Sex (Reference group = Male)
|
|
Female
|
1.004 (0.789–1.276)
|
0.997
|
1.512 (1.034–2.212)
|
0.033
|
|
Age (years) (Reference group = 60–69)
|
|
70–79
|
1.815 (1.368–2.408)
|
0.000
|
2.082 (1.543–2.808)
|
0.000
|
|
80 or over
|
1.536 (0.913–2.583)
|
0.106
|
1.886 (1.088–3.268)
|
0.024
|
|
Marital status (Reference group = Single)
|
|
Married
|
2.287 (1.336–3.916)
|
0.003
|
2.554 (1.414–4.613)
|
0.002
|
|
Widowed/divorced/separated
|
2.189 (1.241–3.858)
|
0.007
|
2.152 (1.165–3.976)
|
0.014
|
|
Education attainment (Reference group = No formal education)
|
|
Primary school
|
1.519 (0.883–2.616)
|
0.131
|
1.846 (1.043–3.264)
|
0.035
|
|
Secondary/high school
|
1.411 (0.753–2.643)
|
0.282
|
1.485 (0.759–2.905)
|
0.248
|
|
Bachelor’s or higher
|
3.062 (1.193–7.860)
|
0.020
|
3.918 (1.457–10.533)
|
0.007
|
|
Place of residence (Reference group = Rural)
|
|
Urban
|
1.176 (0.921–1.503)
|
0.194
|
1.165 (0.900–1.509)
|
0.246
|
|
Denture-wearing (Reference group = No)
|
|
Yes
|
1.264 (0.952–1.679)
|
0.105
|
1.237 (0.920–1.662)
|
0.159
|
|
Smoking (Reference group = Current smoker)
|
|
Ex-smoker
|
1.045 (0.698–1.563)
|
0.832
|
1.020 (0.665–1.565)
|
0.927
|
|
Never-smoker
|
0.928 (0.657–1.311)
|
0.672
|
0.745 (0.470–1.183)
|
0.212
|
|
Alcohol drinking (Reference group = Current drinker)
|
|
Ex-drinker
|
0.934 (0.662–1.316)
|
0.695
|
0.930 (0.647–1.337)
|
0.695
|
|
Never-drinker
|
0.954 (0.695–1.311)
|
0.772
|
0.949 (0.652–1.382)
|
0.786
|
|
Exercise (Reference group = No)
|
|
Yes
|
1.648 (1.290–2.105)
|
0.000
|
1.662 (1.284–2.151)***
|
0.000
|
|
FV intake (Reference group = Less than 400 g)
|
|
400 g or above
|
1.358 (1.042–1.770)
|
0.023
|
1.309 (0.994–1.723)
|
0.056
|
|
Chronic Disease (Reference group= > 2 diseases)
|
|
2 diseases
|
1.709 (1.082–2.702)
|
0.022
|
1.546 (0.956–2.500)
|
0.075
|
|
1 disease
|
2.015 (1.304–3.115)
|
0.002
|
1.933 (1.219–3.065)
|
0.005
|
|
No
|
2.114 (1.356–3.294)
|
0.001
|
2.269 (1.411–3.650)
|
0.001
|
