Fig. 5

Spatially significant clusters of malaria risk for the highest and lowest burden months between 2015 and 2019, across Uganda. The map at the top represents the distribution of significant clusters of malaria risk across the 15 regions of the country during the highest risk month of June 2017. The map at the bottom represents a similar distribution but for the lowest risk month of February 2018. High-High Clusters: The black and dark red areas represent the clusters of high-risk health facility catchments that are spatially located next to other high-risk catchments, with significant positive spatial autocorrelation at <=0.01 and < =0.05 levels of significance, respectively. This spatial autocorrelation was observed both during the lowest (Fig. S17, Additional file 1) and highest (Fig. S18, Additional file 1) burden seasons. High-Low Outliers: These orange areas represent high-risk clusters that are significantly disparate from their surrounding low-risk catchments. These outliers have significant negative spatial autocorrelation. Low-High Outliers: These blue areas represent the low-risk clusters that are significantly disparate from their surrounding high-risk catchments. These outliers also have significant negative spatial autocorrelation. Low-Low Clusters: These green areas represent the clusters of low-risk health facility catchments that are spatially located next to other low-risk catchments, with significant positive spatial autocorrelation. Not significant: The light grey areas represent the health facility catchments that did not show any significant spatial autocorrelation or clustering of either high, low or outlier distribution of risk of malaria. They are areas of highly random spatial distribution of risk of malaria