Table 2 Covariates

Demographics

Mother/infant race/ethnicity

Family income^a

Food insecurity

Maternal education

Maternal age

Marital status^a

Father’s presence in the home^a

Infant birth order

Onset of prenatal care

Infant age at assessment

MR

Demographic questionnaire

PreN/6 M¹

PreN/24 M¹

Infant sex

Gestational age

Delivery mode

Birth complications

Birthweight/length

MR

Post-birth phone call

1wk

1wk

Childcare onset, frequency, type

MR

Demographic questionnaire

2 + 6 M

14 + 24 M

Neighborhood characteristics

Neighborhood conditions

MR

Neighborhood scales

PreN

24 M

Infant competing correlates of weight outcomes

Infant sleep

MR

OBS

Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire

Actigraph

2 + 6 M

14 + 24 M

24 M

Infant activity level

MR

OBS

IBQ-R VSF

Actigraph

6 M

14 + 24 M

24 M

Infant opportunity for movement

MR

Physical Activities and Pursuits

6 M

14 + 24 M

Infant screen time

MR

Common Sense Census

6 M

14 + 24 M

Infant energy intake

MR

Infant Food Frequency Questionnaires

14 + 24 M

Infant concurrent hormonal risk

BIO

Leptin, Adiponectin, Insulin

6 M

24 M

Maternal competing correlates of weight outcomes

Concurrent depressive symptoms (unmeasured parenting effects)

MR

CES-D

2 + 6 M

14 + 24 M

Concurrent BMI (genetics)

OBS

Weight/height

6 M

24 M

Potential COVID related controls

COVID-related stressors

Assessment date relative to COVID events

MR

OBS

Additions to Stressful Life Events

PreN, 2 M

14 + 24 M